Ménard Lucie, Perrier Pascal, Aubin Jérôme
Laboratoire de phonétique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Linguistics, Center for Research on Brain, Language, and Music 320, Sainte-Catherine East, Montréal, H2X 1L7, Canada.
GIPSA-Lab, Département Parole et Cognition, Grenoble, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 May;139(5):2514. doi: 10.1121/1.4945718.
The nature of the speech goal in children was investigated in a study of compensation strategies for a lip-tube perturbation. Acoustic, articulatory, and perceptual analyses of the vowels /y/ and /u/ produced by ten 4-year-old French speakers and ten adult French speakers were conducted under two conditions: normal and with a large tube inserted between the lips. Ultrasound and acoustic recordings of isolated vowels were made in the normal condition before any perturbation, for each of the trials in the perturbed condition, and in the normal condition after the perturbed trials. Data revealed that adult participants moved their tongues in the perturbed condition more than children did. The perturbation was generally at least partly compensated for during the perturbed trials in adults, but children did not show a typical learning effect. In particular, unsystematic improvements were observed during the sequence of perturbed trials, and after-effects were not clear in the articulatory domain. This suggests that children may establish associative links between multisensory phonemic representations and articulatory maneuvers, but those links may mainly rely on trial-to-trial, error-based feedback correction mechanisms rather than on the internal model of the speech production apparatus, as they are in adults.
在一项关于唇管扰动补偿策略的研究中，对儿童言语目标的性质进行了调查。对10名4岁说法语的儿童和10名成年说法语者发出的元音/y/和/u/进行了声学、发音和感知分析，分析在两种条件下进行：正常条件和在嘴唇之间插入大管子的条件。在任何扰动之前的正常条件下、扰动条件下的每个试验中以及扰动试验后的正常条件下，都对孤立元音进行了超声和声学记录。数据显示，在扰动条件下，成年参与者比儿童更多地移动舌头。在成年参与者的扰动试验中，扰动通常至少得到了部分补偿，但儿童没有表现出典型的学习效果。特别是，在一系列扰动试验中观察到了不系统的改善，并且在发音领域没有明显的后效。这表明儿童可能在多感觉音素表征和发音动作之间建立了关联联系，但这些联系可能主要依赖于逐次试验、基于错误的反馈校正机制，而不是像成年人那样依赖于言语产生装置的内部模型。
