Savariaux C, Perrier P, Orliaguet J P, Schwartz J L
Institut de la Communication Parlée, UPRESA CNRS 5009, Grenoble, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Jul;106(1):381-93. doi: 10.1121/1.427063.
A perceptual analysis of the French vowel [u] produced by 10 speakers under normal and perturbed conditions (Savariaux et al., 1995) is presented which aims at characterizing in the perceptual domain the task of a speaker for this vowel, and, then, at understanding the strategies developed by the speakers to deal with the lip perturbation. Identification and rating tests showed that the French [u] is perceptually fairly well described in the [F1, (F2-F0)] plane, and that the parameter (((F2-F0) + F1)/2) (all frequencies in bark) provides a good overall correlate of the "grave" feature classically used to describe the vowel [u] in all languages. This permitted reanalysis of the behavior of the speakers during the perturbation experiment. Three of them succeed in producing a good [u] in spite of the lip tube, thanks to a combination of limited changes on F1 and (F2-F0), but without producing the strong backward movement of the tongue, which would be necessary to keep the [F1,F2] pattern close to the one measured in normal speech. The only speaker who strongly moved his tongue back and maintained F1 and F2 at low values did not produce a perceptually well-rated [u], but additional tests demonstrate that this gesture allowed him to preserve the most important phonetic features of the French [u], which is primarily a back and rounded vowel. It is concluded that speech production is clearly guided by perceptual requirements, and that the speakers have a good representation of them, even if they are not all able to meet them in perturbed conditions.
本文呈现了对10名说话者在正常和受干扰条件下发出的法语元音[u]的感知分析（萨瓦里奥等人，1995年），其目的在于在感知领域中刻画说话者针对该元音的任务，进而理解说话者为应对唇部干扰而制定的策略。识别和评级测试表明，法语[u]在[F1, (F2 - F0)]平面上在感知上能得到较好的描述，并且参数(((F2 - F0) + F1)/2)（所有频率以巴克为单位）很好地整体关联了传统上用于描述所有语言中元音[u]的“低沉”特征类别。这使得能够重新分析说话者在干扰实验中的行为。其中三名说话者尽管使用了唇部管子，仍成功发出了较好的[u]，这得益于F1和(F2 - F0)的有限变化组合，但没有产生使舌头强烈向后移动的情况，而这种向后移动对于使[F1,F2]模式接近正常语音中测量的模式是必要的。唯一一名将舌头强烈向后移动并将F1和F2保持在低值的说话者并没有发出在感知上评级良好的[u]，但额外的测试表明，这种动作使他能够保留法语[u]最重要的语音特征，即主要是一个后元音且圆唇。研究得出结论，言语产生显然受感知需求的引导，并且说话者对这些需求有很好的认知，即使他们并非都能在受干扰的条件下满足这些需求。
