Carreto-Binaghi Laura Elena, Aliouat El Moukhtar, Taylor Maria Lucia
Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
Laboratoire Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, CIIL Institut Pasteur de Lille, Bâtiment Guérin, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, Lille, France.
Respir Res. 2016 Jun 1;17(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12931-016-0385-9.
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex fluid that comprises phospholipids and four proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D) with different biological functions. SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D are essential for the lungs' surface tension function and for the organization, stability and metabolism of lung parenchyma. SP-A and SP-D, which are also known as pulmonary collectins, have an important function in the host's lung immune response; they act as opsonins for different pathogens via a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain and enhance the attachment to phagocytic cells or show their own microbicidal activity by increasing the cellular membrane permeability. Interactions between the pulmonary collectins and bacteria or viruses have been extensively studied, but this is not the same for fungal pathogens. SP-A and SP-D bind glucan and mannose residues from fungal cell wall, but there is still a lack of information on their binding to other fungal carbohydrate residues. In addition, both their relation with immune cells for the clearance of these pathogens and the role of surfactant proteins' regulation during respiratory fungal infections remain unknown. Here we highlight the relevant findings associated with SP-A and SP-D in those respiratory mycoses where the fungal infective propagules reach the lungs by the airways.
肺表面活性物质是一种复杂的液体，由磷脂和四种具有不同生物学功能的蛋白质（表面活性蛋白A、B、C和D）组成。表面活性蛋白B、C和D对肺的表面张力功能以及肺实质的组织、稳定性和代谢至关重要。表面活性蛋白A和D，也被称为肺凝集素，在宿主的肺免疫反应中具有重要作用；它们通过C末端碳水化合物识别结构域作为不同病原体的调理素，增强与吞噬细胞的附着，或通过增加细胞膜通透性显示自身的杀菌活性。肺凝集素与细菌或病毒之间的相互作用已得到广泛研究，但对于真菌病原体而言并非如此。表面活性蛋白A和D结合真菌细胞壁的葡聚糖和甘露糖残基，但关于它们与其他真菌碳水化合物残基结合的信息仍然缺乏。此外，它们与免疫细胞清除这些病原体的关系以及表面活性蛋白在呼吸道真菌感染期间的调节作用仍然未知。在这里，我们重点介绍与表面活性蛋白A和D相关的那些呼吸道真菌病的相关研究结果，在这些疾病中，真菌感染性繁殖体通过气道到达肺部。
