Guidobaldi F, Guerenstein P G
Laboratorio de Estudio de la Biología de Insectos (LEBI), CICyTTP-CONICET, Materi y España s/n, Diamante, CP. E3105BWA, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Estudio de la Biología de Insectos (LEBI), CICyTTP-CONICET, Materi y España s/n, Diamante, CP. E3105BWA, Entre Ríos, Argentina
J Med Entomol. 2016 Jul;53(4):770-775. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw057. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Triatomines, vectors of Chagas Disease, are hematophagous insects. Efforts have been made to develop synthetic attractants based on vertebrate odor-to lure them into traps. However, because those lures are not practical or have low capture efficiency, they are not in use in control programs. Therefore, more work is needed to reach a practical and efficient odor lure. Recently, a three-component, CO-free, synthetic blend of vertebrate odor (consisting of ammonia, l-(+)-lactic acid, and hexanoic acid), known as Sweetscent (Biogents AG, Regensburg, Germany), was shown to attract and capture triatomines in the laboratory. In this study, using a trap olfactometer and an odor blend with constituents similar to those of Sweetscent (delivered from low-density polyethylene sachets) we found that the odorant ratios of the mixtures have a strong effect in the capture of triatomines. The blend with the most efficient combination of odorant ratios evoked ca. 81% capture in two relevant triatomine species. In the case of the most effective odor mixtures, we measured the odor mass emission for the three components of the mixture and therefore were able to estimate the odorant ratios emitted that were responsible for such a high capture performance. Thus, in those mixtures, pentanoic acid was the main component (ca. 65 %) followed by ammonia (ca. 28%) and, l(+)-lactic acid (ca. 7 %). Our results are encouraging as efficient, practical, and cheap odor baits to trap triatomines in the field would be within reach. The odor-delivery system used should be improved to increase stability of odor emission.
锥蝽是恰加斯病的传播媒介，属于吸血昆虫。人们已致力于开发基于脊椎动物气味的合成引诱剂，以将它们诱捕到陷阱中。然而，由于这些引诱剂不实用或捕获效率低，它们未在控制计划中使用。因此，需要开展更多工作来获得一种实用且高效的气味引诱剂。最近，一种由脊椎动物气味组成的无CO三元合成混合物（由氨、L-(+)-乳酸和己酸组成），称为Sweetscent（德国雷根斯堡的Biogents AG公司），已被证明在实验室中能吸引并捕获锥蝽。在本研究中，我们使用诱捕嗅觉计和一种成分与Sweetscent相似的气味混合物（由低密度聚乙烯小袋释放），发现混合物的气味比例对锥蝽的捕获有很强的影响。具有最有效气味比例组合的混合物在两种相关锥蝽物种中引起了约81%的捕获率。对于最有效的气味混合物，我们测量了混合物三种成分的气味质量排放，因此能够估计出导致如此高捕获性能的释放气味比例。因此，在那些混合物中，戊酸是主要成分（约65%），其次是氨（约28%）和L(+)-乳酸（约7%）。我们的结果令人鼓舞，因为在野外捕获锥蝽的高效、实用且廉价的气味诱饵即将实现。所使用的气味传递系统应加以改进，以提高气味排放的稳定性。
