Nyasembe Vincent O, Tchouassi David P, Kirwa Hillary K, Foster Woodbridge A, Teal Peter E A, Borgemeister Christian, Torto Baldwyn
Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 24;9(2):e89818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089818. eCollection 2014.
Recent malaria vector control measures have considerably reduced indoor biting mosquito populations. However, reducing the outdoor biting populations remains a challenge because of the unavailability of appropriate lures to achieve this. This study sought to test the efficacy of plant-based synthetic odor baits in trapping outdoor populations of malaria vectors.
Three plant-based lures ((E)-linalool oxide [LO], (E)-linalool oxide and (E)-β-ocimene [LO + OC], and a six-component blend comprising (E)-linalool oxide, (E)-β-ocimene, hexanal, β-pinene, limonene, and (E)-β-farnesene [Blend C]), were tested alongside an animal/human-based synthetic lure (comprising heptanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal [Blend F]) and worn socks in a malaria endemic zone in the western part of Kenya. Mosquito Magnet-X (MM-X) and lightless Centre for Disease Control (CDC) light traps were used. Odor-baited traps were compared with traps baited with either solvent alone or solvent + carbon dioxide (controls) for 18 days in a series of randomized incomplete-block designs of days × sites × treatments. The interactive effect of plant and animal/human odor was also tested by combining LO with either Blend F or worn socks. Our results show that irrespective of trap type, traps baited with synthetic plant odors compared favorably to the same traps baited with synthetic animal odors and worn socks in trapping malaria vectors, relative to the controls. Combining LO and worn socks enhanced trap captures of Anopheles species while LO + Blend F recorded reduced trap capture. Carbon dioxide enhanced total trap capture of both plant- and animal/human-derived odors. However, significantly higher proportions of male and engorged female Anopheles gambiae s.l. were caught when the odor treatments did not include carbon dioxide.
The results highlight the potential of plant-based odors and specifically linalool oxide, with or without carbon dioxide, for surveillance and mass trapping of malaria vectors.
近期的疟疾媒介控制措施已大幅减少了室内叮咬蚊子的数量。然而，由于缺乏合适的诱捕剂，减少室外叮咬蚊子的数量仍然是一项挑战。本研究旨在测试基于植物的合成气味诱饵对捕获室外疟疾媒介种群的效果。
在肯尼亚西部的一个疟疾流行地区，对三种基于植物的诱饵（氧化芳樟醇[LO]、氧化芳樟醇和罗勒烯[LO + OC]，以及一种包含氧化芳樟醇、罗勒烯、己醛、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯和β-法尼烯的六组分混合物[混合物C]）与一种基于动物/人类的合成诱饵（包含庚醛、辛醛、壬醛和癸醛[混合物F]）以及穿用过的袜子进行了测试。使用了灭蚊磁体-X（MM-X）和无光源疾病控制中心（CDC）诱蚊灯。在一系列天数×地点×处理的随机不完全区组设计中，将气味诱饵诱捕器与仅用溶剂或溶剂 + 二氧化碳诱饵的诱捕器（对照）进行了18天的比较。还通过将LO与混合物F或穿用过的袜子组合来测试植物和动物/人类气味的交互作用。我们的结果表明，无论诱捕器类型如何，与对照相比，用合成植物气味诱饵的诱捕器在捕获疟疾媒介方面比用合成动物气味和穿用过的袜子诱饵的相同诱捕器表现更好。将LO与穿用过的袜子组合可增强按蚊种类的诱捕量，而LO + 混合物F记录的诱捕量减少。二氧化碳增强了植物和动物/人类来源气味的总诱捕量。然而，当气味处理不包括二氧化碳时，捕获的冈比亚按蚊雄蚊和饱血雌蚊的比例显著更高。
结果突出了基于植物的气味，特别是氧化芳樟醇，无论有无二氧化碳，在疟疾媒介监测和大规模诱捕方面的潜力。
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