Oltean Hanna N, Lofy Kathryn H, Goldoft Marcia J, DeBolt Charla A
Washington State Department of Health, Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Shoreline, WA.
Public Health Rep. 2016 May-Jun;131(3):474-82. doi: 10.1177/003335491613100313.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes almost all cervical cancer in women and contributes to vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal, and penile cancer morbidity and mortality. Although vaccines effective in preventing up to nine types of HPV are available, vaccination rates are low nationally. We assessed HPV vaccination coverage by age, sex, and county using Washington State Immunization Information System data.
We calculated on-time dose coverage by county and statewide among adolescents aged 11-12 years and assessed coverage by age 18 years. We calculated missed opportunities as the number of visits at which doses of other adolescent vaccines were administered without administration of the first dose of HPV vaccine (HPV1).
In 2013, HPV vaccination coverage estimates with one, two, and three doses (HPV1-3) for adolescents aged 11-12 years were 48.5%, 32.4%, and 18.3% among girls and 31.2%, 17.1%, and 8.1% among boys. The three-dose HPV vaccine coverage estimate increased to 40.1% among girls by age 18 but was unchanged for boys. Coverage estimates varied by age, sex, and county. One-third of eligible unvaccinated girls and two of five eligible boys aged 11-17 years had at least one missed opportunity to receive HPV1.
Despite a recommendation to vaccinate adolescents aged 11-12 years, HPV vaccination is often delayed and coverage levels among all age groups are below national target levels. Improved understanding of the variability of HPV vaccination coverage rates by age, sex, and county can inform targeted interventions statewide.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）几乎引发了所有女性宫颈癌，并导致阴道癌、肛门癌、口咽癌和阴茎癌的发病及死亡。尽管已有可有效预防多达九种HPV类型的疫苗，但全国范围内的疫苗接种率较低。我们利用华盛顿州免疫信息系统数据，按年龄、性别和县域评估了HPV疫苗接种覆盖率。
我们计算了11至12岁青少年在各县及全州范围内的按时接种剂量覆盖率，并评估了18岁时的覆盖率。我们将错过的接种机会计算为在接种其他青少年疫苗时未接种首剂HPV疫苗（HPV1）的就诊次数。
2013年，11至12岁青少年中，一剂、两剂和三剂（HPV1 - 3）HPV疫苗接种覆盖率在女孩中分别为48.5%、32.4%和18.3%，在男孩中分别为31.2%、17.1%和8.1%。到18岁时，女孩的三剂HPV疫苗接种覆盖率估计增至40.1%，但男孩的覆盖率未变。覆盖率估计因年龄、性别和县域而异。11至17岁符合条件但未接种疫苗的女孩中有三分之一、男孩中有五分之二至少有一次错过接种HPV1的机会。
尽管建议为11至12岁青少年接种疫苗，但HPV疫苗接种常常延迟，所有年龄组的覆盖率均低于国家目标水平。更好地了解HPV疫苗接种覆盖率在年龄、性别和县域方面的差异，可为全州范围内的针对性干预提供依据。
