Bilhartz Jacob L, Shieck Victoria L
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology (Dr Bilhartz), and Transplant Center (Ms Shieck), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor.
Crit Care Nurs Q. 2016 Jul-Sep;39(3):281-95. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000121.
Liver transplantation originated in children more than 50 years ago, and these youngest patients, while comprising the minority of liver transplant recipients nationwide, can have some of the best and most rewarding outcomes. The indications for liver transplantation in children are generally more diverse than those seen in adult patients. This diversity in underlying cause of disease brings with it increased complexity for all who care for these patients. Children, still being completely dependent on others for survival, also require a care team that is able and ready to work with parents and family in addition to the patient at the center of the process. In this review, we aim to discuss diagnoses of particular uniqueness or importance to pediatric liver transplantation. We also discuss the evaluation of a pediatric patient for liver transplant, the system for allocating them a new liver, and also touch on postoperative concerns that are unique to the pediatric population.
肝脏移植起源于50多年前的儿童群体，这些最年幼的患者尽管在全国肝脏移植受者中占少数，但却能获得一些最佳且最有意义的治疗结果。儿童肝脏移植的适应症通常比成人患者更为多样。这种疾病潜在病因的多样性给所有照料这些患儿的人带来了更高的复杂性。儿童在生存方面仍完全依赖他人，因此除了以患儿为核心外，还需要一个有能力且愿意与家长及家庭合作的护理团队。在本综述中，我们旨在讨论对小儿肝脏移植具有特殊独特性或重要性的诊断。我们还将讨论小儿肝脏移植患者的评估、为他们分配新肝脏的系统，并且也会涉及小儿群体特有的术后问题。
