Renard Justine, Rushlow Walter J, Laviolette Steven R
Addiction Research Group, The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
Addiction Research Group, The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.
Can J Psychiatry. 2016 Jun;61(6):328-34. doi: 10.1177/0706743716645288.
Marijuana is the most widely used drug of abuse among adolescents. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for brain development, during which time various neurotransmitter systems such as the glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and endocannabinoid systems undergo extensive reorganization to support the maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). ▵-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana, acts as a partial agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs). CB1Rs are abundant in the CNS and are central components of the neurodevelopmental changes that occur during adolescence. Thus, overactivation of CB1Rs by cannabinoid exposure during adolescence has the ability to dramatically alter brain maturation, leading to persistent and enduring changes in adult cerebral function. Increasing preclinical evidence lends support to clinical evidence suggesting that chronic adolescent marijuana exposure may be associated with a higher risk for neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. In this review, we present a broad overview of current neurobiological evidence regarding the long-term consequences of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on adult neuropsychiatric-like disorders.
大麻是青少年中使用最广泛的滥用药物。青春期是大脑发育的脆弱时期，在此期间，各种神经递质系统，如谷氨酸能、γ-氨基丁酸能、多巴胺能和内源性大麻素系统会经历广泛的重组，以支持中枢神经系统（CNS）的成熟。Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚（THC）是大麻的精神活性成分，作为CB1大麻素受体（CB1Rs）的部分激动剂发挥作用。CB1Rs在中枢神经系统中大量存在，是青春期发生的神经发育变化的核心组成部分。因此，青春期期间大麻素暴露导致的CB1Rs过度激活有能力显著改变大脑成熟，导致成人大脑功能的持续和持久变化。越来越多的临床前证据支持临床证据，表明青少年长期接触大麻可能与包括精神分裂症在内的神经精神疾病的更高风险相关。在这篇综述中，我们对当前关于青少年接触大麻素对成人神经精神样障碍的长期后果的神经生物学证据进行了广泛概述。
