Renker M, Schoepf U J, Becher T, Krampulz N, Kim W, Rolf A, Möllmann H, Hamm C W, Henzler T, Borggrefe M, Akin I, Baumann S
Abteilung für Kardiologie, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland.
Heart & Vascular Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Herz. 2017 Feb;42(1):51-57. doi: 10.1007/s00059-016-4433-5. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
Coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA) has been established for the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies demonstrated the high diagnostic accuracy of cCTA, particularly for ruling out CAD. As a known limitation of cCTA a large number of visually significant coronary stenoses are found to be hemodynamically not relevant by invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR). CT-based FFR (CT-FFR) builds on recent advances in computational fluid dynamics and image simulation techniques. Along with CT myocardial perfusion imaging, CT-FFR is a promising approach towards a more accurate estimation of the hemodynamic relevance of coronary artery stenoses. CT-FFR is derived from regular CT datasets without additional image acquisitions, contrast material, or medication. Two CT-FFR techniques can be differentiated. The initial method requires external use of supercomputers and has gained approval for clinical use in the USA. Furthermore, a prototype-software has been introduced which is less computationally demanding via integration of reduced-order models for on-site calculation of CT-FFR. The present article reviews these methods in the context of available study results and meta-analyses. Furthermore, limitations and future concepts of CT-FFR are discussed.
冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影(cCTA)已被用于冠状动脉疾病(CAD)的无创诊断。先前的研究表明cCTA具有较高的诊断准确性,尤其是在排除CAD方面。作为cCTA的一个已知局限性,大量在视觉上有意义的冠状动脉狭窄经有创血流储备分数(FFR)检测发现血流动力学上并不相关。基于CT的FFR(CT-FFR)建立在计算流体动力学和图像模拟技术的最新进展之上。与CT心肌灌注成像一起,CT-FFR是一种有望更准确评估冠状动脉狭窄血流动力学相关性的方法。CT-FFR源自常规CT数据集,无需额外的图像采集、造影剂或药物。可区分两种CT-FFR技术。最初的方法需要外部使用超级计算机,并且已在美国获得临床应用批准。此外,还引入了一种原型软件,通过集成降阶模型进行CT-FFR的现场计算,对计算的要求较低。本文结合现有研究结果和荟萃分析对这些方法进行了综述。此外,还讨论了CT-FFR的局限性和未来概念。