Zacharias Jaime
From the Phacodynamics Laboratory, Clínica Oftalmológica Pasteur, Santiago, Chile.
J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016 May;42(5):772-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.11.050.
To compare phacoemulsification (phaco) tip movement, microfluidic dynamics, and tip-to-load interaction between longitudinal, torsional, and elliptical ultrasound (US) modalities.
Phacodynamics Laboratory, Clínica Oftalmológica, Pasteur, Santiago, Chile.
Experimental study.
All experiments were performed using a fluid-filled optical test chamber and phaco tips that were US power activated. Tip movement was evaluated using stroke tracing and stroboscopy imaging techniques. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of microfluidic behavior were performed using bead seeding and high-speed shadowgraphy imaging combined with particle-image velocimetry and vector analysis. Material load interaction was measured using a rubber sphere that represented lens material.
Longitudinal and torsional US tips showed precise forward-and-backward and side-to-side (lateral) movement, respectively. Elliptical US tips scribed a 2-dimensional ellipsoid path that slightly changed in shape and orientation plane at higher powers. Longitudinal and lateral components of tip motion were evident in elliptical mode. Regular fluid flow was observed with longitudinal mode (forward-directed flow away from the aspiration port) and torsional mode (steady backflow into the aspiration port). In elliptical mode, bead repulsion, erratic bursts of acoustic streaming, oblique backflow, and areas of multidirectional flow were observed. The longitudinal mode caused the material load to bounce against the tip, whereas the torsional mode maintained a consistent load attraction. In elliptical mode, the material load rotated slightly and bounced away from the tip in irregular intervals when attraction was achieved.
Tip movement, microfluidic behavior, and material load interaction were related within but varied across US modalities. The elliptical mode showed a movement pattern with longitudinal and lateral components and irregular microfluidic behaviors.
Dr. Zacharias received research funding from Alcon Laboratories, Inc. He has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
比较纵向、扭转和椭圆超声模式下超声乳化（phaco）探头的运动、微流体动力学以及探头与负载之间的相互作用。
智利圣地亚哥巴斯德眼科诊所的超声动力学实验室。
实验研究。
所有实验均使用充满液体的光学测试腔和由超声能量激活的超声乳化探头进行。使用行程追踪和频闪成像技术评估探头运动。使用微珠接种以及高速阴影成像结合粒子图像测速和矢量分析对微流体行为进行定性和定量评估。使用代表晶状体物质的橡胶球测量材料负载相互作用。
纵向和扭转超声探头分别显示出精确的前后和左右（横向）运动。椭圆超声探头描绘出二维椭圆形路径，在较高功率下其形状和方向平面略有变化。在椭圆模式下，探头运动的纵向和横向分量明显。在纵向模式（远离抽吸端口的向前流动）和扭转模式（稳定回流到抽吸端口）下观察到规则的流体流动。在椭圆模式下，观察到微珠排斥、不稳定的声流爆发、斜向回流和多方向流动区域。纵向模式使材料负载撞击探头，而扭转模式保持一致的负载吸引。在椭圆模式下，当实现吸引时，材料负载会轻微旋转并以不规则间隔从探头反弹开。
超声模式内探头运动、微流体行为和材料负载相互作用相互关联，但各模式之间存在差异。椭圆模式显示出具有纵向和横向分量以及不规则微流体行为的运动模式。
扎卡里亚斯博士获得了爱尔康实验室公司的研究资金。他对文中提及的任何材料或方法均无财务或专利权益。
