Palatal injection for removal of maxillary teeth: is it required? A systematic review.

There is a growing body of work examining whether a palatal injection is necessary for the extraction of maxillary teeth with contemporary local anaesthetics. The available literature was reviewed systematically by conducting a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for trials examining outcomes of maxillary tooth extraction where buccal injection of local anaesthetic only was used for one or more test groups. The selected studies were reviewed for study type, sample size, quality, participant characteristics and methodology, outcome variables, and findings. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Six of the studies were randomized controlled trials. Four studies were controlled clinical trials that did not report randomization. Five were clinical trials that were not controlled and examined outcomes of one or more test groups. The pain of local anaesthetic injection(s) in the test group (buccal injection only) versus control group (buccal and palatal injection), number of cases requiring supplemental buccal or palatal injection in cases of unsuccessful local anaesthesia, and pain during the procedure were designated as primary outcomes. Pain on probing of the mucosa was designated as a secondary outcome. All nine controlled studies that assessed pain during the procedure found no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups.