Alexander Nathalie, Schwameder Hermann
Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Gait Posture. 2016 Jun;47:62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.03.022. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
Lower limb joint loadings are increased during sloped walking compared to level walking and muscle forces are major contributors to lower limb joint forces. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze lower limb muscle forces during sloped walking at different inclinations. Eighteen healthy male participants (27.0±4.7y, 1.80±0.05m, 74.5±8.2kg) walked at a pre-set speed of 1.1m/s on a ramp at the inclinations of 0°, ±6°, ±12° and ±18°. Kinematic data were captured with a motion capture system and kinetic data were recorded with two force plates imbedded into the ramp. A musculoskeletal model was used to compute lower limb muscle forces (normalized to body weight and gait cycle duration). During downhill walking gluteus maximus, quadriceps, soleus, peroneus and tibialis anterior muscle forces increased (p≤0.002) compared to level walking, while gluteus minimus, piriformis, adductor, iliopsoas, hamstrings and gastrocnemii muscle forces decreased (p≤0.002). Uphill walking decreased gluteus minimus, iliopsoas and tibialis anterior muscle forces (p≤0.002), while all other muscle forces increased (p≤0.002, except gluteus medius). Joint-muscle-force waveforms provided information on possible muscle contributions to joint compression forces. The most important muscles were: gluteus medius for hip forces, quadriceps and gastrocnemii for tibiofemoral forces, quadriceps for patellofemoral forces and triceps surae for ankle forces. The contribution of each muscle changed with the inclination during sloped walking compared to level walking. The current study provided important information on muscle forces during sloped walking that can be useful for rehabilitation and training procedures.
与平路行走相比，下坡行走时下肢关节负荷增加，肌肉力量是下肢关节力的主要贡献因素。因此，本研究的目的是分析不同坡度下坡行走时的下肢肌肉力量。18名健康男性参与者（年龄27.0±4.7岁，身高1.80±0.05米，体重74.5±8.2千克）在倾斜度为0°、±6°、±12°和±18°的坡道上以预先设定的1.1米/秒的速度行走。使用运动捕捉系统采集运动学数据，并用嵌入坡道的两个测力台记录动力学数据。采用肌肉骨骼模型计算下肢肌肉力量（相对于体重和步态周期持续时间进行标准化）。与平路行走相比，下坡行走时臀大肌、股四头肌、比目鱼肌、腓骨肌和胫骨前肌的力量增加（p≤0.002），而臀小肌、梨状肌、内收肌、髂腰肌、腘绳肌和腓肠肌的力量下降（p≤0.002）。上坡行走时，臀小肌、髂腰肌和胫骨前肌的力量下降（p≤0.002），而所有其他肌肉力量增加（除臀中肌外，p≤0.002）。关节-肌肉力波形提供了有关肌肉对关节压缩力可能贡献的信息。最重要的肌肉是：臀中肌对髋关节力起作用，股四头肌和腓肠肌对胫股关节力起作用，股四头肌对髌股关节力起作用，小腿三头肌对踝关节力起作用。与平路行走相比，下坡行走时各肌肉的贡献随倾斜度而变化。本研究提供了关于下坡行走时肌肉力量的重要信息，这对康复和训练程序可能有用。
