Albrich Werner
1 Infektiologie/Spitalhygiene, Kantonsspital St. Gallen.
Ther Umsch. 2016;73(5):235-40. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000785.
Pneumococci are the leading bacterial causes of respiratory tract infections, bacteremia and meningitis. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are effective and safe in young children. Their introduction led to significant reductions of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, otitis media and antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal infections. Beyond these effects in the vaccinated age groups, there is a reduction in nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage and therefore in transmission. This in turn led to marked reductions in IPD and pneumonia in non-vaccinated age groups, particularly elderly adults as evidence of herd protection. Recently it was shown that the 13-valent PCV13 is effective and safe in adults leading to the age-independent recommendation of PCV13 in all persons with risk factors.
肺炎球菌是呼吸道感染、菌血症和脑膜炎的主要细菌性病因。肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV）在幼儿中有效且安全。其引入导致侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病（IPD）、肺炎、中耳炎和耐抗生素肺炎球菌感染显著减少。除了在接种疫苗年龄组中的这些效果外，鼻咽部肺炎球菌携带率降低，因此传播也减少。这反过来又导致未接种疫苗年龄组，特别是老年人的IPD和肺炎显著减少，这是群体保护的证据。最近有研究表明，13价PCV13在成人中有效且安全，这导致对所有有风险因素的人不分年龄推荐接种PCV13。
