用于预防肺炎球菌感染的新型疫苗。
New vaccines for the prevention of pneumococcal infections.
作者信息
Käyhty H, Eskola J
机构信息
Department of Vaccines, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
出版信息
Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Oct-Dec;2(4):289-98. doi: 10.3201/eid0204.960404.
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of acute otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Because in recent years antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains have been emerging throughout the world, vaccination against pneumococcal infections has become more urgent. The capsular polysaccharide vaccine that has been available is neither immunogenic nor protective in young children and other immunocompromised patients. Several pneumococcal proteins have been proposed as candidate vaccines, but no human studies associated with them have been reported. Clinical trials of first-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have shown that covalent coupling of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides to protein carriers improves the immunogenicity of the polysaccharides. The protective efficacy of the conjugate vaccines against carriage, acute otitis media, and invasive infections is being studied.
摘要
肺炎链球菌是急性中耳炎、肺炎、菌血症和脑膜炎的主要病因。由于近年来全球出现了对抗生素耐药的肺炎球菌菌株，因此针对肺炎球菌感染的疫苗接种变得更加紧迫。现有的荚膜多糖疫苗对幼儿和其他免疫功能低下的患者既无免疫原性也无保护作用。几种肺炎球菌蛋白已被提议作为候选疫苗，但尚未有与之相关的人体研究报道。第一代肺炎球菌结合疫苗的临床试验表明，将肺炎球菌荚膜多糖与蛋白质载体共价偶联可提高多糖的免疫原性。目前正在研究结合疫苗对携带、急性中耳炎和侵袭性感染的保护效果。
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