Chandanshive Vishal V, Rane Niraj R, Gholave Avinash R, Patil Swapnil M, Jeon Byong-Hun, Govindwar Sanjay P
Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India.
Environ Res. 2016 Oct;150:88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.047. Epub 2016 Jun 3.
Salvinia molesta, an aquatic fern was observed to have a potential of degrading azo dye Rubine GFL up to 97% at a concentration of 100mg/L within 72h using 60±2g of root biomass. Both root as well as stem tissues showed induction in activities of the enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, catalase, DCIP reductase and superoxide dismutase during decolorization of Rubine GFL. FTIR, GC-MS, HPLC and UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed phytotransformation of the model dye into smaller molecules. Analysis of metabolites revealed breakdown of an azo bond of Rubine GFL by the action of lignin peroxidase and laccase and formation of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline and N-methylbenzene-1, 4-diamine. Anatomical tracing of dye in the stem of S. molesta confirmed the presence of dye in tissues and subsequent removal after 48h of treatment. The concentration of chlorophyll pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid was observed during the treatment. Toxicity analysis on seeds of Triticum aestivum and Phaseolus mungo revealed the decreased toxicity of dye metabolites. In situ treatment of a real textile effluent was further monitored in a constructed lagoon of the dimensions of 7m×5m×2m (total surface area 35m(2)) using S. molesta for 192h. This large scale treatment was found to significantly reduce the values of COD, BOD5 and ADMI by 76%, 82% and 81% considering initial values 1185, 1440mg/L and 950 units, respectively.
人们观察到，水生蕨类植物槐叶萍在使用60±2克根生物量的情况下，能够在72小时内将浓度为100毫克/升的偶氮染料宝石红GFL降解高达97%。在宝石红GFL脱色过程中，根和茎组织中的木质素过氧化物酶、藜芦醇氧化酶、漆酶、酪氨酸酶、过氧化氢酶、二氯靛酚还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶等酶的活性均有诱导。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）和紫外-可见分光光度分析证实了该模型染料已转化为小分子。代谢物分析表明，木质素过氧化物酶和漆酶作用使宝石红GFL的偶氮键断裂，形成了2-甲基-4-硝基苯胺和N-甲基苯-1,4-二胺。对槐叶萍茎中染料的解剖追踪证实了组织中存在染料，并在处理48小时后染料被去除。处理过程中观察到叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素等叶绿素色素的浓度。对普通小麦和绿豆种子的毒性分析表明，染料代谢物的毒性降低。在一个尺寸为7米×5米×2米（总表面积35平方米）的人工泻湖中，使用槐叶萍对实际纺织废水进行了192小时的原位处理。考虑到初始值分别为1185、1440毫克/升和950单位，这种大规模处理显著降低了化学需氧量（COD）、五日生化需氧量（BOD5）和ADMI值，分别降低了76%、82%和81%。
