Koch Christiane, Jeschke Jonathan M, Overbeck Gerhard E, Kollmann Johannes
Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 6, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Department of Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Environ Manage. 2016 Sep;58(3):465-75. doi: 10.1007/s00267-016-0718-y. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
Land managers face the challenge to set priorities in monitoring and managing non-native plant species, as resources are limited and not all non-natives become invasive. Existing frameworks that have been proposed to rank non-native species require extensive information on their distribution, abundance, and impact. This information is difficult to obtain and often not available for many species and regions. National watch or priority lists are helpful, but it is questionable whether they provide sufficient information for environmental management on a regional scale. We therefore propose a decision tree that ranks species based on more simple albeit robust information, but still provides reliable management recommendations. To test the decision tree, we collected and evaluated distribution data from non-native plants in highland grasslands of Southern Brazil. We compared the results with a national list from the Brazilian Invasive Species Database for the state to discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches on a regional scale. Out of 38 non-native species found, only four were also present on the national list. If management would solely rely on this list, many species that were identified as spreading based on the decision tree would go unnoticed. With the suggested scheme, it is possible to assign species to active management, to monitoring, or further evaluation. While national lists are certainly important, management on a regional scale should employ additional tools that adequately consider the actual risk of non-natives to become invasive.
土地管理者面临着在监测和管理非本地植物物种时确定优先事项的挑战，因为资源有限，而且并非所有非本地植物都会变成入侵物种。已提出的用于对非本地物种进行排名的现有框架需要有关其分布、丰度和影响的广泛信息。这些信息很难获得，而且对于许多物种和地区来说往往无法获取。国家观察名单或优先名单很有帮助，但它们是否为区域规模的环境管理提供了足够的信息仍值得怀疑。因此，我们提出了一种决策树，该决策树基于更简单但可靠的信息对物种进行排名，但仍能提供可靠的管理建议。为了测试该决策树，我们收集并评估了巴西南部高地草原非本地植物的分布数据。我们将结果与巴西入侵物种数据库中该州的国家名单进行了比较，以讨论不同方法在区域规模上的优缺点。在发现的38种非本地物种中，只有4种也出现在国家名单上。如果管理仅依赖于这份名单，许多根据决策树被确定为正在扩散的物种将会被忽视。通过建议的方案，可以将物种分配到积极管理、监测或进一步评估中。虽然国家名单当然很重要，但区域规模的管理应该采用其他工具，充分考虑非本地物种变成入侵物种的实际风险。
