McFall Brian C, Fritz Hermann M
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Proc Math Phys Eng Sci. 2016 Apr;472(2188):20160052. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0052.
Tsunamis generated by landslides and volcanic island collapses account for some of the most catastrophic events recorded, yet critically important field data related to the landslide motion and tsunami evolution remain lacking. Landslide-generated tsunami source and propagation scenarios are physically modelled in a three-dimensional tsunami wave basin. A unique pneumatic landslide tsunami generator was deployed to simulate landslides with varying geometry and kinematics. The landslides were generated on a planar hill slope and divergent convex conical hill slope to study lateral hill slope effects on the wave characteristics. The leading wave crest amplitude generated on a planar hill slope is larger on average than the leading wave crest generated on a convex conical hill slope, whereas the leading wave trough and second wave crest amplitudes are smaller. Between 1% and 24% of the landslide kinetic energy is transferred into the wave train. Cobble landslides transfer on average 43% more kinetic energy into the wave train than corresponding gravel landslides. Predictive equations for the offshore propagating wave amplitudes, periods, celerities and lengths generated by landslides on planar and divergent convex conical hill slopes are derived, which allow an initial rapid tsunami hazard assessment.
由山体滑坡和火山岛崩塌引发的海啸是有记录以来最具灾难性的事件之一，但与山体滑坡运动和海啸演变相关的至关重要的现场数据仍然匮乏。在三维海啸波盆地中对山体滑坡引发的海啸源和传播情况进行了物理模拟。部署了一种独特的气动山体滑坡海啸发生器，以模拟具有不同几何形状和运动学特征的山体滑坡。在平面山坡和发散的凸锥形山坡上引发山体滑坡，以研究山坡横向效应对波浪特征的影响。在平面山坡上产生的前波峰振幅平均比在凸锥形山坡上产生的前波峰大，而前波谷和第二波峰振幅则较小。1%至24%的山体滑坡动能转移到波列中。卵石山体滑坡平均比相应的砾石山体滑坡多43%的动能转移到波列中。推导了平面和发散凸锥形山坡上的山体滑坡产生的近海传播波振幅、周期、波速和波长的预测方程，这使得能够进行初步的快速海啸灾害评估。
