Popko David A, Walton William E
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2016 Jun;32(2):91-102. doi: 10.2987/moco-32-02-91-102.1.
Gravid mosquito collections were compared among several large-volume (infusion volume ≥35 liters) gravid trap designs and the small-volume (infusion volume = 6 liters) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) gravid trap used routinely by vector control districts for vector and pathogen surveillance. The numbers of gravid Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. tarsalis, and Cx. stigmatosoma collected by large gravid traps were greater than by the CDC gravid trap during nearly all overnight trials. Large-volume gravid traps collected on average 6.6-fold more adult female Culex mosquitoes compared to small-volume CDC gravid traps across 3 seasons during the 3 years of the studies. The differences in gravid mosquito collections between large-versus small-volume gravid traps were greatest during spring, when 8- to 56-fold more Culex individuals were collected using large-volume gravid traps. The proportion of gravid females in collections did not differ appreciably among the more effective trap designs tested. Important determinants of gravid trap performance were infusion container size and type as well as infusion volume, which determined the distance between the suction trap and the infusion surface. Of lesser importance for gravid trap performance were the number of suction traps, method of suction trap mounting, and infusion concentration. Fermentation of infusions between 1 and 4 wk weakly affected total mosquito collections, with Cx. stigmatosoma collections moderately enhanced by comparatively young and organically enriched infusions. A suction trap mounted above 100 liters of organic infusion housed in a 121-liter black plastic container collected the most gravid mosquitoes over the greatest range of experimental conditions, and a 35-liter infusion with side-mounted suction traps was a promising lesser-volume alternative design.
对几种大容量（注入量≥35升）的孕蚊诱捕器设计与小容量（注入量 = 6升）的疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）孕蚊诱捕器进行了比较，后者是病媒控制区常规用于病媒和病原体监测的诱捕器。在几乎所有的夜间试验中，大型孕蚊诱捕器收集到的致倦库蚊、西方马脑炎病毒媒介库蚊和有斑库蚊的数量都多于CDC孕蚊诱捕器。在研究的3年中的3个季节里，与小容量的CDC孕蚊诱捕器相比，大容量孕蚊诱捕器平均收集到的成年雌性库蚊多6.6倍。大容量和小容量孕蚊诱捕器在收集孕蚊方面的差异在春季最大，此时使用大容量孕蚊诱捕器收集到的库蚊个体数量多出8至56倍。在所测试的更有效的诱捕器设计中，收集到的孕蚊雌性比例没有明显差异。孕蚊诱捕器性能的重要决定因素是注入容器的大小和类型以及注入量，这决定了吸捕器与注入表面之间的距离。对于孕蚊诱捕器性能来说，吸捕器的数量、吸捕器的安装方法和注入浓度的重要性较低。注入物在1至4周之间的发酵对蚊子的总捕获量影响较弱，相对年轻且富含有机物的注入物适度增加了有斑库蚊的捕获量。安装在121升黑色塑料容器中100升以上有机注入物上方的吸捕器在最大范围的实验条件下收集到的孕蚊最多，而带有侧面安装吸捕器的35升注入物是一种有前景的小容量替代设计。
