Chowdhury Shakhawat
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail:
J Water Health. 2016 Jun;14(3):489-503. doi: 10.2166/wh.2015.145.
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water distribution systems (WDS) are monitored for regulatory compliance, while populations are exposed to DBPs in tap water that may be different due to stagnation of water in plumbing pipes (PP) and heating in hot water tanks (HWT). This study investigated the effects of water stagnation in PP and HWT on exposure and risk of DBPs to humans. Trihalomethanes (THMs) in PP and HWT were observed to be 1.1-2.4 and 1.6-3.0 times, respectively, to THMs in the WDS, while haloacetic acids (HAAs) were 0.9-1.8 and 1.2-1.9 times, respectively, to HAAs in the WDS. The chronic daily intakes of DBPs from PP and HWT were 0.6-1.8 and 0.5-2.3 times the intakes from WDS. The cancer risks from PP and HWT were 1.46 (0.40-4.3) and 1.68 (0.35-5.1) times the cancer risks from WDS. The findings may assist in regulating DBPs exposure concentrations.
对供水系统（WDS）中的消毒副产物（DBPs）进行监测以确保符合监管要求，而人群接触到的自来水中的DBPs可能因管道（PP）中的水停滞以及热水箱（HWT）中的加热而有所不同。本研究调查了PP和HWT中的水停滞对人类接触DBPs及风险的影响。观察到PP和HWT中的三卤甲烷（THMs）分别是WDS中THMs的1.1 - 2.4倍和1.6 - 3.0倍，而卤乙酸（HAAs）分别是WDS中HAAs的0.9 - 1.8倍和1.2 - 1.9倍。PP和HWT中DBPs的慢性每日摄入量分别是WDS摄入量的0.6 - 1.8倍和0.5 - 2.3倍。PP和HWT带来的癌症风险分别是WDS癌症风险的1.46（0.40 - 4.3）倍和1.68（0.35 - 5.1）倍。这些发现可能有助于规范DBPs的接触浓度。
