MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jun 10;65(22):567-75. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6522a3.
During the 2015-16 influenza season (October 4, 2015-May 21, 2016) in the United States, influenza activity* was lower and peaked later compared with the previous three seasons (2012-13, 2013-14, and 2014-15). Activity remained low from October 2015 until late December 2015 and peaked in mid-March 2016. During the most recent 18 influenza seasons (including this season), only two other seasons have peaked in March (2011-12 and 2005-06). Overall influenza activity was moderate this season, with a lower percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI),(†) lower hospitalization rates, and a lower percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) compared with the preceding three seasons. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated overall, but influenza A(H3N2) viruses were more commonly identified from October to early December, and influenza B viruses were more commonly identified from mid-April through mid-May. The majority of viruses characterized this season were antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing the recommended components of the 2015-16 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine (1). This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States during the 2015-16 influenza season (October 4, 2015-May 21, 2016)(§) and reports the vaccine virus components recommended for the 2016-17 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccines.
在 2015-16 流感季节（2015 年 10 月 4 日至 2016 年 5 月 21 日）期间，美国的流感活动水平低于前三个季节（2012-13、2013-14 和 2014-15），且峰值出现时间较晚。2015 年 10 月至 12 月下旬，流感活动水平一直较低，在 2016 年 3 月中旬达到峰值。在最近的 18 个流感季节（包括本季）中，仅有两个季节的峰值出现在 3 月（2011-12 年和 2005-06 年）。本季整体流感活动水平为中等，因流感样疾病（ILI）就诊的门诊人数比例较低（†），住院率较低，与前三个季节相比，归因于肺炎和流感（P&I）的死亡人数比例也较低。本季总体上以甲型 H1N1pdm09 病毒为主，但 10 月至 12 月初甲型 H3N2 病毒的检出率较高，4 月中旬至 5 月中旬乙型病毒的检出率较高。本季鉴定出的大多数病毒在抗原性上与代表 2015-16 北半球流感疫苗推荐成分的参考病毒相似（1）。本报告总结了 2015-16 流感季节（2015 年 10 月 4 日至 2016 年 5 月 21 日）期间美国的流感活动情况（§），并报告了 2016-17 北半球流感疫苗推荐的疫苗病毒成分。
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