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更新:流感活动情况-美国,2018 年 9 月 30 日-2019 年 2 月 2 日。

Update: Influenza Activity - United States, September 30, 2018-February 2, 2019.

机构信息

Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC.

出版信息

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Feb 15;68(6):125-134. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6806a1.

Abstract

CDC collects, compiles, and analyzes data on influenza activity and viruses in the United States. During September 30, 2018-February 2, 2019,* influenza activity in the United States was low during October and November, increased in late December, and remained elevated through early February. As of February 2, 2019, this has been a low-severity influenza season (1), with a lower percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI), lower rates of hospitalization, and fewer deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza, compared with recent seasons. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates among children are similar to those observed in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominant seasons; 28 influenza-associated pediatric deaths occurring during the 2018-19 season have been reported to CDC. Whereas influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated in most areas of the country, influenza A(H3N2) viruses have predominated in the southeastern United States, and in recent weeks accounted for a growing proportion of influenza viruses detected in several other regions. Small numbers of influenza B viruses (<3% of all influenza-positive tests performed by public health laboratories) also were reported. The majority of the influenza viruses characterized antigenically are similar to the cell culture-propagated reference viruses representing the 2018-19 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine viruses. Health care providers should continue to offer and encourage vaccination to all unvaccinated persons aged ≥6 months as long as influenza viruses are circulating. Finally, regardless of vaccination status, it is important that persons with confirmed or suspected influenza who have severe, complicated, or progressive illness; who require hospitalization; or who are at high risk for influenza complications be treated with antiviral medications.

摘要

美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)负责收集、编纂和分析美国的流感活动和病毒数据。在 2018 年 9 月 30 日至 2019 年 2 月 2 日期间,美国的流感活动在 10 月和 11 月处于低水平,12 月底有所增加,并持续到 2 月初。截至 2019 年 2 月 2 日,这是一个低严重度的流感季节(1),与最近几个季节相比,流感样疾病(ILI)的门诊就诊率较低,住院率较低,与肺炎和流感相关的死亡人数也较少。儿童的流感相关住院率与 A(H1N1)pdm09 占主导地位的流感季节相似;在 2018-19 季节,报告给 CDC 的有 28 例与流感相关的儿科死亡病例。虽然甲型 H1N1pdm09 病毒在该国大部分地区占主导地位,但甲型 H3N2 病毒在美国东南部占主导地位,并且在最近几周,在其他几个地区检测到的流感病毒中所占比例不断增加。也报告了少量的乙型流感病毒(公共卫生实验室进行的所有流感阳性检测中<3%)。从抗原性上确定的大多数流感病毒与代表 2018-19 北半球流感疫苗病毒的细胞培养传代参考病毒相似。只要流感病毒仍在传播,卫生保健提供者应继续向所有未接种疫苗的≥6 个月龄人群提供并鼓励接种疫苗。最后,无论接种疫苗状况如何,对于确诊或疑似流感且患有严重、复杂或进行性疾病;需要住院治疗;或有流感并发症高风险的人,重要的是用抗病毒药物进行治疗。

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