Ros Ivo G, Biewener Andrew A
Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Concord Field Station, 100 Old Causeway Road, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Concord Field Station, 100 Old Causeway Road, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
J Exp Biol. 2016 Aug 15;219(Pt 16):2443-8. doi: 10.1242/jeb.128488. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Flying birds rely on visual cues for retinal image stabilization by negating rotation-induced optic flow, the motion of the visual panorama across the retina, through corrective eye and head movements. In combination with vestibular and proprioceptive feedback, birds may also use visual cues to stabilize their body during flight. Here, we test whether artificially induced wide-field motion generated through projected visual patterns elicits maneuvers in body orientation and flight position, in addition to stabilizing vision. To test this hypothesis, we present hummingbirds flying freely within a 1.2 m cylindrical visual arena with a virtual surround rotated at different speeds about its vertical axis. The birds responded robustly to these visual perturbations by rotating their heads and bodies with the moving visual surround, and by adjusting their flight trajectories, following the surround. Thus, similar to insects, hummingbirds appear to use optic flow cues to control flight maneuvers as well as to stabilize their visual inputs.
飞鸟通过纠正眼睛和头部运动来抵消旋转引起的视觉流动（即视觉全景在视网膜上的运动），从而依靠视觉线索来稳定视网膜图像。结合前庭和本体感受反馈，鸟类在飞行过程中也可能利用视觉线索来稳定身体。在这里，我们测试通过投射视觉模式产生的人工诱导宽视野运动，除了稳定视觉外，是否还会引发身体定向和飞行位置的 maneuvers。为了验证这一假设，我们让蜂鸟在一个 1.2 米的圆柱形视觉场地内自由飞行，该场地有一个虚拟环绕物围绕其垂直轴以不同速度旋转。鸟类通过随着移动的视觉环绕物旋转头部和身体，并调整飞行轨迹来跟随环绕物，对这些视觉干扰做出了强烈反应。因此，与昆虫类似，蜂鸟似乎利用视觉流动线索来控制飞行 maneuvers 以及稳定它们的视觉输入。 （注：maneuvers 未找到合适中文对应词，保留英文）
