Peters Susan, Vermeulen Roel, Portengen Lützen, Olsson Ann, Kendzia Benjamin, Vincent Raymond, Savary Barbara, Lavoué Jérôme, Cavallo Domenico, Cattaneo Andrea, Mirabelli Dario, Plato Nils, Fevotte Joelle, Pesch Beate, Brüning Thomas, Straif Kurt, Kromhout Hans
1.Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2.Occupational Respiratory Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;
1.Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 3.Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
Ann Occup Hyg. 2016 Aug;60(7):795-811. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mew034. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
The use of measurement data in occupational exposure assessment allows more quantitative analyses of possible exposure-response relations. We describe a quantitative exposure assessment approach for five lung carcinogens (i.e. asbestos, chromium-VI, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (by its proxy benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)) and respirable crystalline silica). A quantitative job-exposure matrix (JEM) was developed based on statistical modeling of large quantities of personal measurements.
Empirical linear models were developed using personal occupational exposure measurements (n = 102306) from Europe and Canada, as well as auxiliary information like job (industry), year of sampling, region, an a priori exposure rating of each job (none, low, and high exposed), sampling and analytical methods, and sampling duration. The model outcomes were used to create a JEM with a quantitative estimate of the level of exposure by job, year, and region.
Decreasing time trends were observed for all agents between the 1970s and 2009, ranging from -1.2% per year for personal BaP and nickel exposures to -10.7% for asbestos (in the time period before an asbestos ban was implemented). Regional differences in exposure concentrations (adjusted for measured jobs, years of measurement, and sampling method and duration) varied by agent, ranging from a factor 3.3 for chromium-VI up to a factor 10.5 for asbestos.
We estimated time-, job-, and region-specific exposure levels for four (asbestos, chromium-VI, nickel, and RCS) out of five considered lung carcinogens. Through statistical modeling of large amounts of personal occupational exposure measurement data we were able to derive a quantitative JEM to be used in community-based studies.
在职业暴露评估中使用测量数据能够对可能的暴露-反应关系进行更定量的分析。我们描述了一种针对五种肺癌致癌物（即石棉、六价铬、镍、多环芳烃（以其替代物苯并(a)芘（BaP）表示）和可吸入结晶二氧化硅）的定量暴露评估方法。基于大量个人测量数据的统计建模，开发了一种定量工作暴露矩阵（JEM）。
使用来自欧洲和加拿大的个人职业暴露测量数据（n = 102306）以及诸如工作（行业）、采样年份、地区、每个工作的先验暴露等级（无、低和高暴露）、采样和分析方法以及采样持续时间等辅助信息，建立了经验线性模型。模型结果用于创建一个JEM，并对按工作、年份和地区划分的暴露水平进行定量估计。
在20世纪70年代至2009年期间观察到所有致癌物的时间趋势均呈下降，个人BaP和镍暴露每年下降1.2%，石棉下降幅度为10.7%（在石棉禁令实施前的时间段内）。暴露浓度的区域差异（根据测量工作、测量年份、采样方法和持续时间进行调整）因致癌物而异，六价铬为3.3倍，石棉高达10.5倍。
我们估计了五种考虑的肺癌致癌物中四种（石棉、六价铬、镍和可吸入结晶二氧化硅）的特定时间、工作和地区的暴露水平。通过对大量个人职业暴露测量数据进行统计建模，我们能够得出一种可用于社区研究的定量JEM。
