Bolu Abdullah, Oznur Taner, Tok Duran, Balikci Adem, Sener Kenan, Celik Cemil, Gulsun Murat
Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Military Medical School, Ankara, Turkey,
Psychiatr Danub. 2016 Jun;28(2):132-8.
According to the neurodevelopmental model, schizophrenia is a disorder that occurs as a result of different etiologic factors during brain development, including viral infections. However, it is unclear whether these infections are related to the disease or whether they affect the symptom pattern. We investigated the presence of four herpes viruses (EBV, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2) in first-episode schizophrenia patients and compared seropositive with seronegative patients and healthy volunteers to reveal the etiological role of viral agents on schizophrenia symptoms.
Ninety-two first-episode patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophreniform disorder were included the study, along with 88 healthy volunteers. The presence of the four herpes viruses was investigated with serological methods (ELISA) in both groups. Positive and negative symptoms were evaluated with Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS).
There was no difference between the patient and control groups in terms of seropositivity of the four viruses. We found that SANS scores of HSV-1 and CMV seropositive schizophrenia patients were significantly higher than the scores of patients with seronegative schizophrenia. No difference was found in SAPS scores.
The results suggest a role of HSV and CMV infections in negative symptoms. This supports the hypothesis that viruses do not directly give rise to schizophrenia, but patients who were previously been infected with these viral agents may be prone to schizophrenia, and some of the symptom patterns may be related to different agents.
根据神经发育模型，精神分裂症是一种在大脑发育过程中由不同病因引起的疾病，包括病毒感染。然而，尚不清楚这些感染是否与该疾病相关，或者它们是否会影响症状模式。我们调查了首发精神分裂症患者中四种疱疹病毒（EB病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒1型和单纯疱疹病毒2型）的存在情况，并比较了血清阳性患者与血清阴性患者及健康志愿者，以揭示病毒因子在精神分裂症症状中的病因学作用。
92名符合精神分裂症样障碍DSM-IV诊断标准的首发患者以及88名健康志愿者纳入本研究。两组均采用血清学方法（酶联免疫吸附测定）检测四种疱疹病毒的存在情况。采用阴性症状评定量表（SANS）和阳性症状评定量表（SAPS）评估阳性和阴性症状。
患者组和对照组在四种病毒的血清阳性率方面无差异。我们发现，单纯疱疹病毒1型和巨细胞病毒血清阳性的精神分裂症患者的SANS评分显著高于血清阴性的精神分裂症患者。SAPS评分未发现差异。
结果表明单纯疱疹病毒和巨细胞病毒感染在阴性症状中起作用。这支持了以下假设：病毒不会直接导致精神分裂症，但先前感染过这些病毒因子的患者可能易患精神分裂症，且某些症状模式可能与不同的病原体有关。
