Merkiel Sylwia, Chalcarz Wojciech
Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Food and Nutrition Department, Poznan, Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2016;67(2):179-88.
Monitoring energy intake in preschool children is the basis for planning intervention programmes. The published articles in which energy intake in Polish preschool children was reported are still very few.
The objective was to assess energy intake in preschool children from Piła, including energy intake and intake of energy from macronutrients.
Energy intake was assessed from weighed food records kept over seven consecutive days by preschool staff and parents of 122 children, 61 girls and 61 boys, aged 4 to 6 years. Energy intake was calculated using Dieta 4.0 and Microsoft Excel computer programmes. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 computer programme.
Energy intake was the lowest in underweight children, 1286 kcal, and the highest in obese children, 1636 kcal. Energy intake (kcal, kJ, kcal/kg body weight, kJ/kg body weight) and intake of energy from sucrose (%) were statistically significantly higher in boys compared to girls, 1546 vs 1428 kcal, 6477 vs 5985 kJ, 77 vs 71 kcal/kg body weight, 322 vs 298 kJ/kg body weight, and 21.2 vs 19.7%, respectively. Intake of energy from starch was statistically significantly higher in girls compared to boys, 24.8 vs 23.4%. It is noteworthy that energy intakes from fat and saturated fatty acids were above the recommendations in 71.3% and 98.4% of the studied preschool children, respectively. Energy intakes from polyunsaturated fatty acids and available carbohydrates were below the recommendations in 98.4% and 57.4% of the studied preschool children, respectively.
Energy intakes from macronutrients in the studied preschool children need urgent modification to prevent the risk of future diet-related diseases. Preschoolers' parents and preschool staff should be educated about nutrition recommendations for children, especially about dietary risks of diseases and impaired neurodevelopment.
监测学龄前儿童的能量摄入是规划干预项目的基础。目前已发表的关于波兰学龄前儿童能量摄入情况的文章仍然很少。
评估皮瓦市学龄前儿童的能量摄入情况，包括能量摄入量以及宏量营养素的能量摄入情况。
通过对122名4至6岁儿童（61名女孩和61名男孩）的学龄前工作人员和家长连续记录7天的称重食物记录来评估能量摄入。使用Dieta 4.0和Microsoft Excel计算机程序计算能量摄入量。测量体重和身高并计算身体质量指数（BMI）。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 21计算机程序进行统计分析。
体重过轻儿童的能量摄入量最低，为1286千卡，肥胖儿童的能量摄入量最高，为1636千卡。男孩的能量摄入量（千卡、千焦、千卡/千克体重、千焦/千克体重）和蔗糖能量摄入量（%）在统计学上显著高于女孩，分别为1546千卡对1428千卡、6477千焦对5985千焦、77千卡/千克体重对71千卡/千克体重、322千焦/千克体重对298千焦/千克体重，以及21.2%对19.7%。女孩的淀粉能量摄入量在统计学上显著高于男孩，为24.8%对23.4%。值得注意的是，分别有71.3%和98.4%的受试学龄前儿童的脂肪和饱和脂肪酸能量摄入量高于推荐值。分别有98.4%和57.4%的受试学龄前儿童的多不饱和脂肪酸和可利用碳水化合物能量摄入量低于推荐值。
受试学龄前儿童宏量营养素的能量摄入量需要紧急调整，以预防未来与饮食相关疾病的风险。应教育学龄前儿童的家长和学龄前工作人员有关儿童营养建议，特别是有关疾病和神经发育受损的饮食风险。
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