Merkiel Sylwia, Chalcarz Wojciech
Food and Nutrition Department, The Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2016 Apr 19;35:11. doi: 10.1186/s41043-016-0050-4.
Among the studies published after the year 2000 which focused on nutrition at preschool, only three aimed to assess children's intake of energy and selected nutrients at preschool. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intake in children during their stay at preschool.
The studied population comprised 128 4-6-year-old children who attended preschools in Piła, Poland. Intakes of energy and macronutrients were estimated from a 5-day weighed food record completed by the preschool staff. Weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 computer programme. The data were analysed according to gender.
Energy intake was the lowest in children with underweight, 2004 kJ (478 kcal), and the highest in obese children, 3388 kJ (809 kcal). Energy intake from lactose was statistically significantly higher in boys than in girls, 3.0 vs 2.6 %. Statistically significantly higher percentage of boys in comparison to girls had intakes of vitamin C below 70 % of EAR, 56.9 vs 38.1 %. It is important to highlight the excessive intake of energy from saturated fatty acids and energy from sucrose, along with inadequate intake of energy from polyunsaturated fatty acids. We also found excessive intake of sodium and inadequate intakes of dietary fibre, water, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, niacin, calcium and potassium.
Preschool diets need urgent improvement to prevent diet-related diseases in the studied preschoolers in the future. The inadequacies observed in these diets are in accordance with the previously reported inadequacies in menus planned for preschoolers. More research is needed to investigate dietary intake of children during their stay at preschool. Common regulations worked out for all preschools in the European Union would be a good way to provide adequate nutrition to preschool children.
在2000年后发表的关注学龄前儿童营养的研究中，仅有三项旨在评估学龄前儿童的能量及特定营养素摄入量。本研究的目的是评估儿童在幼儿园期间的饮食摄入量。
研究对象为波兰皮瓦市128名4至6岁的学龄前儿童。能量和宏量营养素摄入量通过幼儿园工作人员填写的5天称重食物记录进行估算。测量了体重和身高，并计算了体重指数（BMI）。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0计算机程序进行统计分析。数据按性别进行分析。
体重不足儿童的能量摄入量最低，为2004千焦（478千卡），肥胖儿童的能量摄入量最高，为3388千焦（809千卡）。男孩从乳糖中摄入的能量在统计学上显著高于女孩，分别为3.0%和2.6%。与女孩相比，男孩维生素C摄入量低于EAR的70%的比例在统计学上显著更高，分别为56.9%和38.1%。需要强调的是，饱和脂肪酸和蔗糖的能量摄入过多，而多不饱和脂肪酸的能量摄入不足。我们还发现钠摄入过量，膳食纤维、水、维生素D、维生素E、叶酸、烟酸、钙和钾的摄入量不足。
幼儿园饮食需要紧急改善，以预防研究中的学龄前儿童未来出现与饮食相关的疾病。这些饮食中观察到的不足之处与先前报道的为学龄前儿童规划的菜单中的不足之处一致。需要更多研究来调查儿童在幼儿园期间的饮食摄入量。为欧盟所有幼儿园制定共同规定将是为学龄前儿童提供充足营养的一个好方法。
