Berardi Andrea E, Hildreth Sherry B, Helm Richard F, Winkel Brenda S J, Smith Stacey D
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Phytochemistry. 2016 Oct;130:119-27. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.05.007. Epub 2016 Jun 10.
Plant reproductive and vegetative tissues often use the same biochemical pathways to produce specialized metabolites. In such cases, selection acting on the synthesis of specific products in a particular tissue could result in correlated changes in other products of the pathway, both in the same tissue and in other tissues. This study examined how changes in floral anthocyanin pigmentation affect the production of other compounds of the flavonoid pathway in flowers and in leaves. Focusing on the Iochrominae, a clade of Solanaceae with a wide range of flower colors, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and UV detection was used to profile and quantify the variation in two classes of flavonoids, anthocyanins and flavonols. Purple, red, orange and white-flowered Iochrominae produced all of the six common anthocyanidin types, as well as several classes of flavonols. Differences in anthocyanin and flavonol production were significantly correlated in flowers, particularly with respect to B ring hydroxylation pattern. However, these differences in floral flavonoids were not strongly related to differences in leaf chemistry. Specifically, most species made only flavonols (not anthocyanins) in leaves, and these comprised the two most common flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol, regardless of the color of the flower. These results suggest that shifts in flower color may occur without significant pleiotropic consequences for flavonoid production in vegetative tissues. Similar studies in other systems will be important for testing the generality of this pattern in other groups of flowering plants.
植物的生殖组织和营养组织通常利用相同的生化途径来产生特殊代谢产物。在这种情况下，作用于特定组织中特定产物合成的选择可能会导致该途径中其他产物在同一组织和其他组织中发生相关变化。本研究考察了花中花青素色素沉着的变化如何影响花和叶中黄酮类途径其他化合物的产生。以茄科具有多种花色的一个分支——异色茄亚科为研究对象，采用液相色谱联用质谱和紫外检测技术对两类黄酮（花青素和黄酮醇）的变化进行了分析和定量。开紫色、红色、橙色和白色花的异色茄亚科植物产生了所有六种常见的花青素类型以及几类黄酮醇。花中花青素和黄酮醇产量的差异显著相关，尤其是在B环羟基化模式方面。然而，花中黄酮类化合物的这些差异与叶中化学成分的差异没有很强的相关性。具体而言，大多数物种在叶中只产生黄酮醇（而非花青素），且这些黄酮醇包括两种最常见的黄酮醇，槲皮素和山奈酚，无论花的颜色如何。这些结果表明，花色的变化可能不会对营养组织中黄酮类化合物的产生造成显著的多效性影响。在其他系统中进行类似研究对于检验这一模式在其他开花植物类群中的普遍性将具有重要意义。
