Ono Megumi, Iwashina Tsukasa
Nat Prod Commun. 2015 Mar;10(3):413-6.
The flavonoids in the flowers of Edgeworthia chrysantha, Pittosporum tobira and Wisteria floribunda were isolated and identified. Quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-glucosides and 3-O-rutinosides were found in E. chrysantha, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-glucoside and 3-O-pentosylrhamnosylglucoside, kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, 3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-glucoside and 3-O-pentosylrhamnosylglucoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside were isolated from P. tobira. Ten flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-sophoroside, 3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside and 3-O-glucoside, luteolin 5-O-glucoside, 7- O-glucoside and 7-O-hexoside, and apigenin 7-O-glucoside and 4'-O-hexoside were isolated from W floribunda. The major pigments of E. chrysantha were carotenoids. Their content decreased with the change in flower color to white from yellow via cream, and total flavonoid content also slightly decreased by ca. 0.8 in cream and ca. 0.9 fold in white flowers. In contrast with E. chrysantha, white flowers of P. tobira turn to cream and then yellow in which the major pigments are also carotenoids. In this species, both carotenoid and flavonoid contents are gradually increased from white to yellow flowers. Though the petal color of Wisteria floribunda is mauve, due to anthocyanin pigments, the yellow areas are due to carotenoids; these turn to white in the late flowering stage. However, their flavonoid contents were essentially the same among the yellow, cream and white spots of flags. Thus, it was shown by HPLC analysis of the flower flavonoids of E. chrysantha, P. tobira and W. floribunda, although the visible pigments such as carotenoids and anthocyanins are quantitatively varied, the quantitative variation in UV-absorbing substances, such as flavones and flavonols, differs with plant species.
对结香、海桐和紫藤花中的黄酮类化合物进行了分离和鉴定。在结香中发现了槲皮素、山柰酚3 - O - 葡萄糖苷和3 - O - 芸香糖苷；从海桐中分离出了槲皮素3 - O - 芸香糖苷、3 - O - 葡萄糖苷和3 - O - 戊糖基鼠李糖基葡萄糖苷、山柰酚3 - O - 刺槐二糖苷、3 - O - 芸香糖苷、3 - O - 葡萄糖苷和3 - O - 戊糖基鼠李糖基葡萄糖苷以及异鼠李素3 - O - 芸香糖苷。从紫藤中分离出了10种黄酮类化合物，即槲皮素3 - O - 槐糖苷、3 - O - 芸香糖苷、3 - O - 葡萄糖苷、山柰酚3 - O - 槐糖苷和3 - O - 葡萄糖苷、木犀草素5 - O - 葡萄糖苷、7 - O - 葡萄糖苷和7 - O - 己糖苷以及芹菜素7 - O - 葡萄糖苷和4'- O - 己糖苷。结香的主要色素是类胡萝卜素。其含量随着花色从黄色经乳黄色变为白色而降低，总黄酮含量在乳黄色花中也略有下降，约为0.8倍，在白色花中约为0.9倍。与结香相反，海桐的白色花先变为乳黄色然后变为黄色，其主要色素也是类胡萝卜素。在该物种中，类胡萝卜素和黄酮类化合物的含量从白色花到黄色花逐渐增加。虽然紫藤花瓣颜色为紫红色，归因于花青素色素，但黄色区域是由于类胡萝卜素；在开花后期这些区域变为白色。然而，其黄酮类化合物含量在旗瓣的黄色、乳黄色和白色斑点之间基本相同。因此，通过对结香、海桐和紫藤花黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱分析表明，尽管类胡萝卜素和花青素等可见色素在数量上有所变化，但黄酮和黄酮醇等紫外吸收物质的数量变化因植物种类而异。
