Singh Gaurav, Miteva Mariya
Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2016 Sep;33(5):481-7. doi: 10.1111/pde.12902. Epub 2016 Jun 13.
Hair shaft disorders are characterized by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the hair shaft. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the prognosis and treatment options for hair shaft disorders. We used keywords in the search engines PubMed and Medline to identify all publications in English related to the prognosis and management of hair shaft disorders. Data were extracted from 96 articles that met search criteria. Findings were limited to case reports and small case series, as no studies were found. Disorders that improve in childhood include pili torti, trichorrhexis invaginata, woolly hair, and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Others, such as trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili bifurcati, improve with minoxidil. Oral retinoids have been found to improve hair abnormalities in trichorrhexis invaginata and monilethrix. There is no specific treatment for congenital hair shaft abnormalities. Gentle hair care is the mainstay of care for hair shaft disorders associated with fragility. Practices for gentle care include no brushing, backcombing, chemical products, tight braids, heat exposure, or mechanical grooming. Furthermore, any inherited or congenital disorder requires genetic counseling as part of management.
毛干疾病的特征是毛干存在先天性或后天性异常。本研究的目的是回顾有关毛干疾病预后和治疗选择的文献。我们在搜索引擎PubMed和Medline中使用关键词，以识别所有与毛干疾病预后和管理相关的英文出版物。从符合搜索标准的96篇文章中提取数据。由于未找到相关研究，研究结果仅限于病例报告和小病例系列。在儿童期有所改善的疾病包括扭曲发、套叠性脆发、羊毛状发和三角形及有沟发。其他疾病，如结节性脆发、念珠状发、竹节状发和分叉发，使用米诺地尔可有所改善。已发现口服维甲酸可改善套叠性脆发和念珠状发的毛发异常。对于先天性毛干异常没有特异性治疗方法。轻柔的头发护理是针对与脆弱性相关的毛干疾病护理的主要方法。轻柔护理的做法包括不梳理、不逆向梳发、不使用化学产品、不扎紧辫子、不暴露于高温或不进行机械梳理。此外，任何遗传性或先天性疾病在管理中都需要进行遗传咨询。
