Brown Richard S, Cook Katrina V, Pflugrath Brett D, Rozeboom Latricia L, Johnson Rachelle C, McLellan Jason G, Linley Timothy J, Gao Yong, Baumgartner Lee J, Dowell Frederick E, Miller Erin A, White Timothy A
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Ecology Group, Richland, WA, USA.
Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Spokane, WA, USA.
Conserv Physiol. 2013 Jul 11;1(1):cot019. doi: 10.1093/conphys/cot019. eCollection 2013.
Techniques were developed to determine which life stages of fish are vulnerable to barotrauma from expansion of internal gases during decompression. Eggs, larvae, and juvenile hatchery-reared white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus; up to 91 days post hatch; d.p.h.) were decompressed to assess vulnerability to barotrauma and identify initial swim bladder inflation. Barotrauma-related injury and mortality were first observed 9 d.p.h., on the same day as initial exogenous feeding. However, barotrauma-related injury did not occur again until swim bladder inflation 75 d.p.h. (visible at necropsy and on radiographs). Swim bladder inflation was not consistent among individuals, with only 44% being inflated 91 d.p.h. Additionally, swim bladder inflation did not appear to be size dependent among fish ranging in total length from 61 to 153 mm at 91 d.p.h. The use of a combination of decompression tests and radiography was validated as a method to determine initial swim bladder inflation and vulnerability to barotrauma. Extending these techniques to other species and life-history stages would help to determine the susceptibility of fish to hydro turbine passage and aid in fish conservation.
已开发出相关技术来确定鱼类的哪些生命阶段在减压过程中易受体内气体膨胀导致的气压伤影响。对鱼卵、仔鱼以及孵化场养殖的幼体白鲟（Acipenser transmontanus；孵化后91天内，即d.p.h.）进行减压，以评估其对气压伤的易感性并确定鱼鳔初次充气情况。在孵化后第9天，即与初次外源摄食同一天，首次观察到与气压伤相关的损伤和死亡情况。然而，直到孵化后75天鱼鳔充气时（尸检和X光片可见）才再次出现与气压伤相关的损伤。鱼鳔充气在个体间并不一致，到孵化后91天时只有44%的个体鱼鳔充气。此外，在孵化后91天全长61至153毫米的鱼类中，鱼鳔充气似乎与大小无关。减压测试和X光摄影相结合的方法被确认为确定鱼鳔初次充气和气压伤易感性的有效方法。将这些技术扩展到其他物种和生命史阶段将有助于确定鱼类对水轮机过流的易感性，并有助于鱼类保护。
