Zhang Shuo, Li Dexin
Bing Du Xue Bao. 2016 Jan;32(1):121-7.
Since Zika virus (ZIKV) has firstly been isolated in 1947, Uganda, outbreaks of Zika fever have been reported in many areas such as in Africa, Southeast Asia and America. Imported cases in China also have been reported. Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, and include Africa subtype and Asia subtype. It is a mosquito-borne virus primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Sexual transmission, Blood transmission and mother-to-fetus transmission were also reported. Zika virus can go though blood-brain barrier and infect central nervous system. Symptoms are generally mild and self-limited, but recent evidence suggests a possible association between maternal Zika virus infection and adverse fetal outcomes, such as congenital microcephaly, as well as a possible association with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Laboratorial Diagnosis includes nucleic acid detection, Serological test, and isolation of virus. Currently, no vaccine or medication exists to prevent or treat Zika virus infection. Preventive measures against Zika virus infection should be taken through prevention of mosquito bites and surveillance in epidemic area.
自1947年寨卡病毒(ZIKV)首次在乌干达分离出来后,非洲、东南亚和美洲等许多地区都报告了寨卡热疫情。中国也报告了输入性病例。寨卡病毒属于黄病毒科黄病毒属,包括非洲亚型和亚洲亚型。它是一种主要由埃及伊蚊传播的蚊媒病毒。也有性传播、血液传播和母婴传播的报道。寨卡病毒可穿过血脑屏障并感染中枢神经系统。症状一般较轻且具有自限性,但最近的证据表明,孕妇感染寨卡病毒可能与不良胎儿结局有关,如先天性小头畸形,也可能与吉兰-巴雷综合征有关。实验室诊断包括核酸检测、血清学检测和病毒分离。目前,尚无预防或治疗寨卡病毒感染的疫苗或药物。应通过预防蚊虫叮咬和在疫区进行监测来采取预防寨卡病毒感染的措施。