Koutsou Aikaterini D, Moreno Juan C, Del Ama Antonio J, Rocon Eduardo, Pons José L
Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.
National Hospital for Spinal Cord Injury, Toledo, Spain.
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2016 Jun 13;13(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12984-016-0165-2.
Non-invasive neuroprosthetic (NP) technologies for movement compensation and rehabilitation remain with challenges for their clinical application. Two of those major challenges are selective activation of muscles and fatigue management. This review discusses how electrode arrays improve the efficiency and selectivity of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied via transcutaneous electrodes. In this paper we review the principles and achievements during the last decade on techniques for artificial motor unit recruitment to improve the selective activation of muscles. We review the key factors affecting the outcome of muscle force production via multi-pad transcutaneous electrical stimulation and discuss how stimulation parameters can be set to optimize external activation of body segments. A detailed review of existing electrode array systems proposed by different research teams is also provided. Furthermore, a review of the targeted applications of existing electrode arrays for control of upper and lower limb NPs is provided. Eventually, last section demonstrates the potential of electrode arrays to overcome the major challenges of NPs for compensation and rehabilitation of patient-specific impairments.
用于运动补偿和康复的非侵入性神经假体（NP）技术在临床应用中仍面临挑战。其中两个主要挑战是肌肉的选择性激活和疲劳管理。本综述讨论了电极阵列如何提高经皮电极施加的功能性电刺激（FES）的效率和选择性。在本文中，我们回顾了过去十年中关于人工运动单位募集技术以改善肌肉选择性激活的原理和成果。我们回顾了通过多电极片经皮电刺激影响肌肉力量产生结果的关键因素，并讨论了如何设置刺激参数以优化身体节段的外部激活。还提供了不同研究团队提出的现有电极阵列系统的详细综述。此外，还综述了现有电极阵列在控制上肢和下肢神经假体方面的靶向应用。最后，最后一部分展示了电极阵列克服神经假体在补偿和康复患者特定损伤方面的主要挑战的潜力。
