Jiang Xiuping
Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, 228A Life Science Facility, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
J Food Prot. 2016 Jun;79(6):1026-31. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-537.
As part of the Salmonella Education Reduction Program, the Animal Protein Producers Industry initiated a yearlong microbiological survey of animal meals from 1 January to 31 December 2010. The types of animal meals included poultry meal, pork and beef crax, meat meal, meat and bone meal, feather meal, blood meal, and fish meal from a variety of rendering operations (n = 65). Salmonella was positive in 731 (8.3%) of 8,783 analyzed samples, with contamination rates as 1.0, 33.2, and 21.3% from samples collected right after press, being loaded out, or unidentified, respectively. The randomly selected positive Salmonella samples (n = 100) representing 1.1% of the total samples tested were enumerated by the most-probable-number (MPN) method. The Salmonella contamination level ranged from <0.03 (below the detection limit) to 240 MPN/g with a median MPN per gram of 0.036. Among 102 Salmonella isolates from those 100 positive samples, a total of 42 Salmonella serotypes or groups were identified with Montevideo (13%), Senftenberg (11%), Mbandaka (7%), Orion (7%), Livingstone (6%), Tennessee (4%), Infantis (4%), Cerro (4%), and group C1 (4%) as the most predominant ones. Those Salmonella isolates were further analyzed for antimicrobial resistance to the 15 most common antibiotics by using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System gram-negative plate. Most Salmonella isolates (n = 94) were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, with seven isolates resistant to one antibiotic and one resistant to seven antibiotics. Clearly, the prevalence of Salmonella in animal meals declined compared with previous surveys, and none of the Salmonella serotypes concerning target animal health were isolated. In addition, most Salmonella isolates remained susceptible to the majority of the 15 most commonly used antibiotics.
作为沙门氏菌教育减少计划的一部分，动物蛋白生产商行业在2010年1月1日至12月31日期间发起了一项为期一年的动物饲料微生物学调查。动物饲料类型包括禽肉粉、猪肉和牛肉粉、肉粉、肉骨粉、羽毛粉、血粉以及来自各种提炼作业的鱼粉（n = 65）。在8783份分析样本中，731份（8.3%）沙门氏菌检测呈阳性，压榨后立即采集、正在装车或来源不明的样本污染率分别为1.0%、33.2%和21.3%。随机选取的100份沙门氏菌阳性样本（占测试样本总数的1.1%）采用最大可能数（MPN）法进行计数。沙门氏菌污染水平范围为<0.03（低于检测限）至240 MPN/g，每克的MPN中位数为0.036。在这100份阳性样本的102株沙门氏菌分离株中，共鉴定出42种沙门氏菌血清型或菌群，其中蒙得维的亚（13%）、森夫滕贝格（11%）、姆班达卡（7%）、猎户座（7%）、利文斯通（6%）、田纳西（4%）、婴儿（4%）、塞罗（4%）和C1群（4%）最为常见。使用国家抗菌药物耐药监测系统革兰氏阴性菌平板对这些沙门氏菌分离株进一步分析其对15种最常用抗生素的耐药性。大多数沙门氏菌分离株（n = 94）对所有测试抗生素敏感，7株对一种抗生素耐药，1株对7种抗生素耐药。显然，与之前的调查相比，动物饲料中沙门氏菌的流行率有所下降，且未分离出任何与目标动物健康相关的沙门氏菌血清型。此外，大多数沙门氏菌分离株对15种最常用抗生素中的大多数仍敏感。
