Shantha Kumari S
Malla Reddy Medical College For Women, Hyderabad, India.
J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2016 Jun;66(3):149-53. doi: 10.1007/s13224-016-0866-2. Epub 2016 Apr 1.
The concept of family planning originated as birth control in 1912 to control the size of the family and prevent unplanned pregnancies transformed to family welfare and later on expanded its horizons to reproductive and child health (RCH). A wide spectrum of choices both for male and female, temporary and permanent, have been developed and offered. Developed world having stabilised population faces problem with teenage and adolescent pregnancies. Developing nations are still struggling to stabilise population and traditionally depend on permanent female sterilisation as a major method of contraception. Lot of unmet need is seen in young recently married women, post-delivery, post-abortal states. Long-acting reversible contraception which includes intrauterine device, IUD, and implants has re-emerged strongly as a first choice of contraception for women of all ages including unmarried teenage pregnancies. They are highly efficient with failure rates equivalent or better than permanent methods, cost-effective, reversible, and have the potential to replace permanent sterilisation.
计划生育的概念起源于1912年的节育，旨在控制家庭规模并防止意外怀孕，后来转变为家庭福利，并进一步拓展到生殖与儿童健康领域。针对男性和女性，已经开发并提供了广泛的临时和永久避孕选择。发达国家人口已趋于稳定，却面临青少年怀孕的问题。发展中国家仍在努力稳定人口，传统上主要依靠永久性女性绝育作为避孕方法。在年轻的新婚女性、产后及流产后的女性中，存在大量未满足的需求。长效可逆避孕方法，包括宫内节育器（IUD）和植入物，已重新成为所有年龄段女性（包括未婚青少年怀孕女性）避孕的首选。它们效率极高，失败率等同于或优于永久性避孕方法，具有成本效益，可逆转，并且有取代永久性绝育的潜力。
