Calabrese Sarah K, Magnus Manya, Mayer Kenneth H, Krakower Douglas S, Eldahan Adam I, Gaston Hawkins Lauren A, Hansen Nathan B, Kershaw Trace S, Underhill Kristen, Betancourt Joseph R, Dovidio John F
Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 15;11(6):e0157324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157324. eCollection 2016.
Optimizing access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an evidence-based HIV prevention resource, requires expanding healthcare providers' adoption of PrEP into clinical practice. This qualitative study explored PrEP providers' firsthand experiences relative to six commonly-cited barriers to prescription-financial coverage, implementation logistics, eligibility determination, adherence concerns, side effects, and anticipated behavior change (risk compensation)-as well as their recommendations for training PrEP-inexperienced providers. U.S.-based PrEP providers were recruited via direct outreach and referral from colleagues and other participants (2014-2015). One-on-one interviews were conducted in person or by phone, transcribed, and analyzed. The sample (n = 18) primarily practiced in the Northeastern (67%) or Southern (22%) U.S. Nearly all (94%) were medical doctors (MDs), most of whom self-identified as infectious disease specialists. Prior experience prescribing PrEP ranged from 2 to 325 patients. Overall, providers reported favorable experiences with PrEP implementation and indicated that commonly anticipated problems were minimal or manageable. PrEP was covered via insurance or other programs for most patients; however, pre-authorization requirements, laboratory/service provision costs, and high deductibles sometimes presented challenges. Various models of PrEP care and coordination with other providers were utilized, with several providers highlighting the value of clinical staff support. Eligibility was determined through joint decision-making with patients; CDC guidelines were commonly referenced but not considered absolute. Patient adherence was variable, with particularly strong adherence noted among patients who had actively sought PrEP (self-referred). Providers observed minimal adverse effects or increases in risk behavior. However, they identified several barriers with respect to accessing and engaging PrEP candidates. Providers offered a wide range of suggestions regarding content, strategy, and logistics surrounding PrEP training, highlighting sexual history-taking and sexual minority competence as areas to prioritize. These insights from early-adopting PrEP providers may facilitate adoption of PrEP into clinical practice by PrEP-inexperienced providers, thereby improving access for individuals at risk for HIV.
优化获得艾滋病毒暴露前预防(PrEP)这一循证艾滋病毒预防资源的途径,需要扩大医疗服务提供者将PrEP纳入临床实践的比例。这项定性研究探讨了PrEP提供者在六个常被提及的障碍方面的亲身经历,这些障碍包括处方医保覆盖、实施后勤、资格判定、依从性问题、副作用以及预期行为改变(风险补偿),同时也探讨了他们对培训缺乏PrEP经验的提供者的建议。通过直接外联以及同事和其他参与者的推荐,招募了美国的PrEP提供者(2014 - 2015年)。进行了一对一的面对面或电话访谈,访谈内容进行了转录和分析。样本(n = 18)主要在美国东北部(67%)或南部(22%)执业。几乎所有(94%)都是医生(MD),其中大多数自称是传染病专家。之前开具PrEP处方的经验范围为2至325名患者。总体而言,提供者报告了PrEP实施方面的良好经验,并表示通常预期的问题很少或易于管理。大多数患者通过保险或其他项目获得PrEP覆盖;然而,预先授权要求、实验室/服务提供成本以及高额免赔额有时会带来挑战。采用了各种PrEP护理模式以及与其他提供者的协调方式,有几位提供者强调了临床工作人员支持的价值。资格通过与患者共同决策来确定;通常会参考美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的指南,但并不认为是绝对的。患者的依从性各不相同,积极寻求PrEP(自我转诊)的患者中依从性特别强。提供者观察到不良反应或风险行为增加的情况很少。然而,他们确定了在接触和吸引PrEP候选者方面存在的几个障碍。提供者就PrEP培训的内容、策略和后勤方面提出了广泛的建议,强调将性史询问和性少数群体能力作为优先考虑的领域。这些来自早期采用PrEP的提供者的见解可能会促进缺乏PrEP经验的提供者将PrEP纳入临床实践,从而改善艾滋病毒高危个体的可及性。
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