一项纵向研究，探究与52岁时颈部/肩部疼痛相关的因素。
Longitudinal study exploring factors associated with neck/shoulder pain at 52 years of age.
作者信息
Hesselman Borg Johanna, Westerståhl Maria, Lundell Sara, Madison Guy, Aasa Ulrika
机构信息
Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
J Pain Res. 2016 May 24;9:303-10. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S93845. eCollection 2016.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the ability of work-related measurements, body composition, physical activity, and fitness levels to predict neck/shoulder pain (upper body pain, UBP) at the age of 52 years. Another aim was to investigate the cross-sectional relationships between UBP, work-related factors, and individual factors at the age of 52 years.
METHODS
We followed a randomly selected cohort of 429 adolescents that was recruited in 1974 (baseline), when they were 16 years old. The participants completed physical fitness tests, questions about sociodemographic and lifestyle factors at 16, 34, and 52 years of age, and questions about work-related factors and pain in the follow-ups. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between UBP and the other variables.
RESULTS
Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that high body mass index and the work-related factors, low control, and low social support at the age of 34 years were related to UBP at the age of 52 years. For social support, there was an interaction between men and women where the relationship between low social support and the experience of pain was more evident for women. Among women, body mass index and social support remained significantly related in the multivariate analyses. For men, social support remained significantly related. Cross-sectional relationships at the age of 52 differed from the longitudinal in the sense that measures of joint flexibility and work posture were also significantly associated with UBP.
CONCLUSION
The fact that the cross-sectional differed from the longitudinal relationships strengthens the importance of performing longitudinal studies when studying factors that might influence the initiation of pain. UBP preventative measures might need to include both lifestyle (such as dietary habits and physical activity to ensure that the individuals are not becoming overweight) and work-related factors such as social support.
目的
研究与工作相关的测量指标、身体成分、身体活动及健康水平对预测52岁时颈部/肩部疼痛（上身疼痛，UBP）的能力。另一个目的是研究52岁时UBP、与工作相关因素和个体因素之间的横断面关系。
方法
我们追踪了1974年（基线）随机选取的429名青少年队列，当时他们16岁。参与者在16岁、34岁和52岁时完成了体能测试、关于社会人口统计学和生活方式因素的问题，以及随访中关于与工作相关因素和疼痛的问题。采用逻辑回归分析来检验UBP与其他变量之间的关联。
结果
单因素逻辑回归分析显示，34岁时高体重指数以及与工作相关的因素、低控制感和低社会支持与52岁时的UBP有关。对于社会支持，男性和女性之间存在交互作用，即低社会支持与疼痛体验之间的关系在女性中更明显。在多因素分析中，女性的体重指数和社会支持仍显著相关。对于男性，社会支持仍显著相关。52岁时的横断面关系与纵向关系不同，因为关节灵活性和工作姿势的测量指标也与UBP显著相关。
结论
横断面关系与纵向关系不同这一事实强化了在研究可能影响疼痛发生的因素时进行纵向研究的重要性。UBP预防措施可能需要包括生活方式（如饮食习惯和体育活动以确保个体不会超重）以及与工作相关的因素，如社会支持。
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