Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Animal Health, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Resources Naturelles et du Développement Rural, Port au Prince, Haiti.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2017 Oct;64(5):1433-1442. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12531. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
An estimated 59 000 persons die annually of infection with the rabies virus worldwide, and dog bites are responsible for 95% of these deaths. Haiti has the highest rate of animal and human rabies in the Western Hemisphere. This study describes the status of animal welfare, animal vaccination, human bite treatment, and canine morbidity and mortality in Haiti in order to identify barriers to rabies prevention and control. An epidemiologic survey was used for data collection among dog owners during government-sponsored vaccination clinics at fourteen randomly selected sites from July 2014 to April 2015. A total of 2005 surveys were collected and data were analysed using parametric methods. Over 50% of owned dogs were allowed to roam freely, a factor associated with rabies transmission. More than 80% of dog owners reported experiencing barriers to accessing rabies vaccination for their dogs. Nearly one-third of the dog population evaluated in this study died in the year preceding the survey (32%) and 18% of these deaths were clinically consistent with rabies. Dog bites were commonly reported, with more than 3% of the study population bitten within the year preceding the survey. The incidence of canine rabies in Haiti is high and is exacerbated by low access to veterinary care, free-roaming dog populations and substandard animal welfare practices. Programmes to better understand the dog ecology and development of methods to improve access to vaccines are needed. Rabies deaths are at historical lows in the Western Hemisphere, but Haiti and the remaining canine rabies endemic countries still present a significant challenge to the goal of rabies elimination in the region.
据估计，全球每年有 59000 人死于狂犬病病毒感染，其中 95%的死亡病例由狗咬伤引起。海地是西半球动物和人类狂犬病发病率最高的国家。本研究描述了海地的动物福利状况、动物疫苗接种、人咬伤处理以及犬类发病率和死亡率，以确定狂犬病预防和控制的障碍。2014 年 7 月至 2015 年 4 月期间，在政府主办的疫苗接种诊所中，在 14 个随机选定的地点对狗主人进行了一项流行病学调查，以收集数据。共收集了 2005 份调查问卷，并使用参数方法进行数据分析。超过 50%的家养狗被允许自由漫游，这是导致狂犬病传播的一个因素。超过 80%的狗主人报告说，他们在为自己的狗接种狂犬病疫苗方面遇到了障碍。在本研究中评估的犬只中，近三分之一在调查前一年死亡（32%），其中 18%的死亡与狂犬病临床一致。狗咬伤经常发生，超过 3%的研究人群在调查前一年被咬伤。海地的犬狂犬病发病率很高，由于兽医护理机会有限、狗自由漫游的数量以及动物福利实践标准低，情况更加恶化。需要开展更多了解犬类生态学的项目，并开发改善疫苗接种机会的方法。西半球的狂犬病死亡人数处于历史低位，但海地和其余的狂犬病流行国家仍然对该地区消除狂犬病的目标构成重大挑战。
