Gregory Emma, McCloskey Michael, Ovans Zoe, Landau Barbara
a Department of Cognitive Science , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2016 May-Jun;33(3-4):220-40. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2016.1172478. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
Theoretical and empirical studies of memory have long been framed by a distinction between declarative and non-declarative memory. We question the sharpness of the distinction by reporting evidence from amnesic L.S.J., who despite retrograde memory losses in declarative knowledge domains, shows sparing of declarative knowledge related to premorbid skill (e.g., playing an instrument). We previously showed that L.S.J. had severe losses of retrograde declarative knowledge across areas of premorbid expertise (e.g., artists of famous works) and everyday knowledge (e.g., company names for logos). Here we present evidence that L.S.J. has sparing of what we call skill-related declarative knowledge, in four domains in which she had premorbid skill (art, music, aviation, driving). L.S.J.'s pattern of loss and sparing raises questions about the strict separation between classically-defined memory types and aligns with a recent proposal by Stanley and Krakauer [2013. Motor skill depends on knowledge of facts. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7,1-11].
长期以来，记忆的理论和实证研究一直围绕着陈述性记忆和非陈述性记忆的区分展开。我们通过报告失忆症患者L.S.J.的证据，对这种区分的明确性提出质疑。尽管L.S.J.在陈述性知识领域存在逆行性记忆丧失，但她保留了与病前技能相关的陈述性知识（例如演奏乐器）。我们之前表明，L.S.J.在病前专业领域（例如著名作品的艺术家）和日常知识（例如标志的公司名称）的逆行性陈述性知识方面有严重丧失。在此我们提供证据表明，L.S.J.在她病前具备技能的四个领域（艺术、音乐、航空、驾驶）中，保留了我们所谓的与技能相关的陈述性知识。L.S.J.的丧失和保留模式对经典定义的记忆类型之间的严格区分提出了质疑，并与斯坦利和克拉考尔最近的提议一致[2013年。运动技能取决于事实知识。《人类神经科学前沿》，7，1 - 11]。
