Palamar Joseph J, Acosta Patricia, Sherman Scott, Ompad Danielle C, Cleland Charles M
a Department of Population Health , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.
b Center for Drug Use and HIV Research , New York University College of Nursing , New York , NY , USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2016 Nov;42(6):624-632. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1181179. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) continue to emerge in the United States and worldwide. Few epidemiological studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of use.
We examined the extent of NPS use in a high-risk population-attendees of electronic dance music (EDM) parties at nightclubs and festivals.
We surveyed 682 adults (age 18-25) entering EDM events at nightclubs and festivals in New York City (NYC) in 2015. A variation of time-space sampling was used. We examined the prevalence of self-reported use of 196 NPS and correlates of any NPS use.
Over a third (35.1%) of participants reported lifetime use of any NPS. Self-reported use of synthetic cannabinoids was most prevalent (16.3%), followed by psychedelic phenethylamines (14.7%; 2C series: 10.3%, 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine [NBOMe] series: 9.0%, Dox series: 3.5%), synthetic cathinones ("bath salts", 6.9%), other psychedelics (6.6%), tryptamines (5.1%), and dissociatives (4.3%). 2C-I was the most prevalent 2C series drug (5.1%); methylone was the most prevalent synthetic cathinone (3.3%), 2-MeO-ketamine was the most prevalent dissociative (3.7%), and 1P-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (2.9%) was the most prevalent non-phenethylamine psychedelic. Risk factors for NPS use included Ecstasy/MDMA/Molly, LSD, and ketamine use; identifying as bisexual (compared to heterosexual), reporting higher frequency of nightclub/festival attendance, and being surveyed outside of a festival (compared to those surveyed outside of nightclubs).
NPS use is prevalent in the nightclub and festival scenes in NYC. Since individuals in these scenes-especially frequent attendees-are at high risk for use, prevention and harm reduction services need to be geared toward this population.
新型精神活性物质（NPSs）在美国及全球范围内持续出现。很少有流行病学研究调查其使用的流行程度及相关因素。
我们调查了高风险人群——夜总会和音乐节上电子舞曲（EDM）派对参与者中NPS的使用情况。
2015年，我们对纽约市（NYC）夜总会和音乐节上参加EDM活动的682名成年人（年龄18 - 25岁）进行了调查。采用了时空抽样的一种变体方法。我们调查了自我报告使用196种NPS的流行程度以及任何NPS使用的相关因素。
超过三分之一（35.1%）的参与者报告曾使用过任何NPS。自我报告使用合成大麻素最为普遍（16.3%），其次是致幻苯乙胺（14.7%；2C系列：10.3%，2 -（4 - 碘 - 2,5 - 二甲氧基苯基）- N - [（2 - 甲氧基苯基）甲基]乙胺[NBOMe]系列：9.0%，多克斯系列：3.5%），合成卡西酮（“浴盐”，6.9%），其他致幻剂（6.6%），色胺（5.1%）和解离性药物（4.3%）。2C - I是最常见的2C系列药物（5.1%）；甲酮是最常见的合成卡西酮（3.3%），2 - 甲氧基氯胺酮是最常见的解离性药物（3.7%），1 - 磷酸麦角酰二乙胺（LSD）（2.9%）是最常见的非苯乙胺类致幻剂。NPS使用的风险因素包括使用摇头丸/MDMA/莫莉、LSD和氯胺酮；自我认同为双性恋（与异性恋相比），报告参加夜总会/音乐节的频率较高，以及在音乐节外接受调查（与在夜总会外接受调查的人相比）。
NPS的使用在纽约市的夜总会和音乐节场景中很普遍。由于这些场景中的个体——尤其是频繁参与者——使用NPS的风险很高，预防和减少伤害服务需要针对这一人群。
