Yost Lisa J, Rodricks Joseph D, Turnbull Duncan, DeLeo Paul C, Nash J Frank, Quiñones-Rivera Antonio, Carlson Pete A
Ramboll Environ, 333 W. Wacker Dr., Suite 2700, Chicago, IL 60606, USA.
Ramboll Environ, 4350 North Fairfax Drive Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22203, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Oct;80:116-24. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
A quantitative human risk assessment of chloroxylenol was conducted for liquid hand and dishwashing soap products used by consumers and health-care workers. The toxicological data for chloroxylenol indicate lack of genotoxicity, no evidence of carcinogenicity, and minimal systemic toxicity. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) were established from chronic toxicity studies, specifically a carcinogenicity study that found no cancer excess (18 mg/kg-day) and studies of developmental and reproductive toxicity (100 mg/kg-day). Exposure to chloroxylenol for adults and children was estimated for two types of rinse-off cleaning products, one liquid hand soap, and two dishwashing products. The identified NOAELs were used together with exposure estimates to derive margin of exposure (MOE) estimates for chloroxylenol (i.e., estimates of exposure over NOAELs). These estimates were designed with conservative assumptions and likely overestimate exposure and risk (i.e., highest frequency, 100% dermal penetration). The resulting MOEs ranged from 178 to over 100, 000, 000 indicating negligibly small potential for harm related to consumer or health-care worker exposure to chloroxylenol in liquid soaps used in dish washing and hand washing.
对消费者和医护人员使用的洗手液和洗碗液产品中的对氯间二甲苯酚进行了定量人体风险评估。对氯间二甲苯酚的毒理学数据表明其无遗传毒性、无致癌证据且全身毒性极小。慢性毒性研究，特别是一项未发现癌症超额风险的致癌性研究（18毫克/千克·天）以及发育和生殖毒性研究（100毫克/千克·天）均未确定观察到有害作用的最低水平（NOAEL）。针对两种冲洗型清洁产品、一种洗手液和两种洗碗产品，估算了成人和儿童对对氯间二甲苯酚的暴露量。将确定的NOAEL与暴露量估算值结合起来，得出对氯间二甲苯酚的暴露边际（MOE）估算值（即暴露量超过NOAEL的估算值）。这些估算值是基于保守假设设计的，可能高估了暴露量和风险（即最高频率，100%皮肤渗透）。由此得出的MOE范围为178至超过1亿，这表明消费者或医护人员在使用洗碗和洗手用液体肥皂时接触对氯间二甲苯酚所造成的潜在危害极小。
