Marcus Sarah R, Fiumera Anthony C
Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
J Insect Physiol. 2016 Aug-Sep;91-92:18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.006. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
Atrazine is the one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States and non-target organisms may encounter it in the environment. Atrazine is known to affect male reproduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates but less is known about its effects on other fitness traits. Here we assessed the effects of five different chronic exposure levels on a variety of fitness traits in Drosophila melanogaster. We measured male and female longevity, development time, proportion pupated, proportion emerged, body size, female mating rate, fertility and fecundity. Atrazine exposure decreased the proportion pupated, the proportion emerged and adult survival. Development time was also affected by atrazine and exposed flies pupated and emerged earlier than controls. Although development time was accelerated, body size was actually larger in some of the exposures. Atrazine exposure had no effect on female mating rate and the effects on female fertility and fecundity were only observed in one of the two independent experimental blocks. Many of the traits showed non-monotonic dose response curves, where the intermediate concentrations showed the largest effects. Overall this study shows that atrazine influences a variety of life history traits in the model genetic system, D. melanogaster, and future studies should aim to identify the molecular mechanisms of toxicity.
阿特拉津是美国使用最广泛的除草剂之一，非靶标生物可能会在环境中接触到它。已知阿特拉津会影响脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的雄性生殖，但对其对其他适合度性状的影响了解较少。在此，我们评估了五种不同慢性暴露水平对黑腹果蝇多种适合度性状的影响。我们测量了雄性和雌性的寿命、发育时间、化蛹比例、羽化比例、体型大小、雌性交配率、生育力和繁殖力。阿特拉津暴露降低了化蛹比例、羽化比例和成虫存活率。发育时间也受到阿特拉津的影响，暴露组果蝇比对照组更早化蛹和羽化。虽然发育时间加快了，但在某些暴露组中体型实际上更大。阿特拉津暴露对雌性交配率没有影响，对雌性生育力和繁殖力的影响仅在两个独立实验区中的一个观察到。许多性状呈现非单调剂量反应曲线，其中中间浓度的影响最大。总体而言，本研究表明阿特拉津会影响模式遗传系统黑腹果蝇的多种生活史性状，未来的研究应致力于确定其毒性的分子机制。
