Ito Keisuke, Enomoto Hideki
Laboratory for Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Laboratory for Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
J Biochem. 2016 Aug;160(2):77-85. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvw037. Epub 2016 Jun 18.
Neurotrophic factors and their receptors play a central role in neuronal survival. Since neurons have a highly polarized morphology, target-derived neurotrophic factor signaling is transported retrogradely along the axon to the cell body. A body of evidence suggests that retrograde transport of the neurotrophic factors and their receptors is required for signal propagation. Retrograde transport of neurotrophic factor signaling is crucial not only for neuronal development, but also for preventing neuronal degeneration. Thus, elucidating the mechanism of retrograde transport will lead to insights into the developmental mechanisms of the nervous system as well as contribute to the establishment of novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will review the recent progress made in research of retrograde trafficking and discuss its physiological significance.
神经营养因子及其受体在神经元存活中起着核心作用。由于神经元具有高度极化的形态，靶源性神经营养因子信号沿轴突逆向运输至细胞体。大量证据表明，神经营养因子及其受体的逆向运输是信号传导所必需的。神经营养因子信号的逆向运输不仅对神经元发育至关重要，而且对预防神经元变性也至关重要。因此，阐明逆向运输机制将有助于深入了解神经系统的发育机制，并有助于建立神经退行性疾病的新疗法。在本文中，我们将综述逆向运输研究的最新进展，并讨论其生理意义。
