Borgmann Kerstin, Köcher Sabrina, Kriegs Malte, Mansour Wael Yassin, Parplys Ann Christin, Rieckmann Thorsten, Rothkamm Kai
Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
Recent Results Cancer Res. 2016;198:1-24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_1.
Cellular chromosomal DNA is the principal target through which ionising radiation exerts it diverse biological effects. This chapter summarises the relevant DNA damage signalling and repair pathways used by normal and tumour cells in response to irradiation. Strategies for tumour radiosensitisation are reviewed which exploit tumour-specific DNA repair deficiencies or signalling pathway addictions, with a special focus on growth factor signalling, PARP, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA replication. This chapter concludes with a discussion of DNA repair-related candidate biomarkers of tumour response which are of crucial importance for implementing precision medicine in radiation oncology.
细胞染色体DNA是电离辐射发挥其多种生物学效应的主要靶点。本章总结了正常细胞和肿瘤细胞在受到辐射时所使用的相关DNA损伤信号传导和修复途径。综述了利用肿瘤特异性DNA修复缺陷或信号通路成瘾的肿瘤放射增敏策略，特别关注生长因子信号传导、PARP、癌症干细胞、细胞周期检查点和DNA复制。本章最后讨论了与DNA修复相关的肿瘤反应候选生物标志物，这些标志物对于在放射肿瘤学中实施精准医学至关重要。
