Avino Pasquale, Protano Carmela, Vitali Matteo, Manigrasso Maurizio
DIT, INAIL Research Area, Via IV Novembre 144, I-00187 Rome, Italy.
Dept. Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2016 Sep;216:530-537. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.005. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
It is well-known that the health effects of PM increase as particle size decreases: particularly, great concern has risen on the role of UltraFine Particles (UFPs). Starting from the knowledge that the main fraction of atmospheric aerosol in Rome is characterized by significant levels of PM2.5 (almost 75% of PM10 fraction is PM2.5), the paper is focused on submicron particles in such great urban area. The daytime/nighttime, work-/weekdays and cold/hot seasonal trends of submicron particles will be investigated and discussed along with NOx and total PAH drifts demonstrating the primary origin of UFPs from combustion processes. Furthermore, moving from these data, the total dose of submicron particles deposited in the respiratory system (i.e., head, tracheobronchial and alveolar regions in different lung lobes) has been estimated. Dosimeter estimates were performed with the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model (MPPD v.2.1). The paper discusses the aerosol doses deposited in the respiratory system of individuals exposed in proximity of traffic. During traffic peak hours, about 6.6 × 10(10) particles are deposited into the respiratory system. Such dose is almost entirely made of UFPs. According to the greater dose estimated, right lung lobes are expected to be more susceptible to respiratory pathologies than left lobes.
众所周知，颗粒物的粒径越小，其对健康的影响就越大：尤其是，超细颗粒物（UFPs）的作用引起了人们极大的关注。基于罗马大气气溶胶的主要部分以高浓度的细颗粒物（PM2.5）为特征这一认识（PM10中几乎75%是PM2.5），本文聚焦于如此大城市地区的亚微米颗粒。将研究和讨论亚微米颗粒的白天/夜间、工作日/周末以及寒冷/炎热季节的变化趋势，同时研究氮氧化物和总多环芳烃的变化趋势，以证明超细颗粒物的主要来源是燃烧过程。此外，基于这些数据，估算了沉积在呼吸系统（即不同肺叶的头部、气管支气管和肺泡区域）中的亚微米颗粒的总剂量。使用多路径颗粒剂量测定模型（MPPD v.2.1）进行剂量计估算。本文讨论了在交通附近暴露的个体呼吸系统中沉积的气溶胶剂量。在交通高峰时段，约6.6×10¹⁰个颗粒沉积到呼吸系统中。这样的剂量几乎完全由超细颗粒物组成。根据估算的更大剂量，预计右肺叶比左肺叶更容易受到呼吸道疾病的影响。
