Conradi Nadine, Abel Cornelius, Frisch Stefan, Kell Christian A, Kaiser Jochen, Schmidt-Kassow Maren
Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neurology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2016 Oct 1;139:211-217. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.033. Epub 2016 Jun 18.
Previous studies have shown that the effect of temporal predictability of presented stimuli on attention allocation is enhanced by auditory-motor synchronization (AMS). The present P300 event-related potential study (N=20) investigated whether this enhancement depends on the process of actively synchronizing one's motor output with the acoustic input or whether a passive state of auditory-motor synchrony elicits the same effect. Participants silently counted frequency deviants in sequences of pure tones either during a physically inactive control condition or while pedaling on a cycling ergometer. Tones were presented either at fixed or variable intervals. In addition to the pedaling conditions with fixed or variable stimulation, there was a third condition in which stimuli were adaptively presented in sync with the participants' spontaneous pedaling. We replicated the P300 enhancement for fixed versus variable stimulation and the amplification of this effect by AMS. Synchronization performance correlated positively with P300 amplitude in the fixed stimulation condition. Most interestingly, P300 amplitude was significantly reduced for the passive synchronization condition by adaptive stimulus presentation as compared to the fixed stimulation condition. For the first time we thus provide evidence that it is not the passive state of (even perfect) auditory-motor synchrony that facilitates attention allocation during AMS but rather the active process of synchronizing one's movements with external stimuli.
先前的研究表明，听觉-运动同步（AMS）可增强所呈现刺激的时间可预测性对注意力分配的影响。本P300事件相关电位研究（N = 20）调查了这种增强是否取决于将自身运动输出与听觉输入主动同步的过程，或者听觉-运动同步的被动状态是否会产生相同的效果。参与者在身体静止的对照条件下或在骑行测力计上蹬踏板时，默默地数纯音序列中的频率偏差。音调以固定或可变间隔呈现。除了固定或可变刺激的蹬踏板条件外，还有第三种条件，即刺激与参与者的自发蹬踏板同步自适应呈现。我们复制了固定刺激与可变刺激的P300增强以及AMS对这种效应的放大。在固定刺激条件下，同步性能与P300振幅呈正相关。最有趣的是，与固定刺激条件相比，自适应刺激呈现的被动同步条件下P300振幅显著降低。因此，我们首次提供证据表明，在AMS期间促进注意力分配的不是（即使是完美的）听觉-运动同步的被动状态，而是将自身运动与外部刺激同步的主动过程。
