Manalo Cervinia V, Ohno Masaki, Okuda Tetsuji, Nakai Satoshi, Nishijima Wataru
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan E-mail:
Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8513, Japan.
Water Sci Technol. 2016;73(12):2978-85. doi: 10.2166/wst.2016.159.
A novel method was proposed to determine biofouling potential by direct analysis of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane through fluorescence intensity analysis of biofilm formed on the membrane surface, thereby incorporating fouling tendencies of both feedwater and membrane. Evaluation of the biofouling potential on the RO membrane was done by accelerated biofilm formation through soaking of membranes in high biofouling potential waters obtained by adding microorganisms and glucose in test waters. The biofilm formed on the soaked membrane was quantified by fluorescence intensity microplate analysis. The soaking method's capability in detecting biofilm formation was confirmed when percentage coverage obtained through fluorescence microscopy and intensity values exhibited a linear correlation (R(2) = 0.96). Continuous cross-flow experiments confirmed the ability and reliability of the soaking method in giving biofouling potential on RO membranes when a good correlation (R(2) = 0.87) between intensity values of biofilms formed on the membrane during soaking and filtration conditions was obtained. Applicability of the test developed was shown when three commercially available polyamide (PA) RO membranes were assessed for biofouling potential. This new method can also be applied for the determination of biofouling potential in water with more than 3.6 mg L(-1) easily degradable organic carbon.
提出了一种新方法，通过对反渗透（RO）膜进行直接分析，利用膜表面形成的生物膜的荧光强度分析来确定生物污染潜力，从而综合考虑进水和膜的污染趋势。通过将膜浸泡在通过向测试水中添加微生物和葡萄糖而获得的高生物污染潜力的水中，加速生物膜形成，从而评估RO膜上的生物污染潜力。通过荧光强度微孔板分析对浸泡膜上形成的生物膜进行定量。当通过荧光显微镜获得的覆盖百分比与强度值呈现线性相关性（R(2) = 0.96）时，证实了浸泡法检测生物膜形成的能力。连续错流实验证实了浸泡法在给出RO膜生物污染潜力方面的能力和可靠性，此时在浸泡和过滤条件下膜上形成的生物膜强度值之间具有良好的相关性（R(2) = 0.87）。当对三种市售聚酰胺（PA）RO膜的生物污染潜力进行评估时，展示了所开发测试的适用性。这种新方法还可用于轻松测定含有超过3.6 mg L(-1)易降解有机碳的水中的生物污染潜力。
