Kutschera Ulrich, Niklas Karl J
Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, 34109, Kassel, Germany.
Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Theory Biosci. 2016 Sep;135(3):175-86. doi: 10.1007/s12064-016-0231-0. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
In his Generelle Morphologie der Organismen (1866), 150 years ago, Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) combined developmental patterns in animals with the concept of organismic evolution, and 50 years ago, a new era of plant research started when focus shifted from crop species (sunflower, maize etc.) to thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model organism. In this contribution, we outline the general principles of developmental evolutionary biology sensu Haeckel and describe the evolutionary genome-to-morphology-plant hormone auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid)-circuit with reference to other phytohormones and a focus on land plants (embryophytes) plus associated epiphytic microbes. Our primary conclusion is that a system-wide approach is required to truly understand the ontogeny of any organism, because development proceeds according to signal pathways that integrate and respond to external as well as internal stimuli. We also discuss IAA-regulated embryology in A. thaliana and epigenetic phenomena in the gametophyte development, and outline how these processes are connected to the seminal work of Ernst Haeckel.
150年前，恩斯特·海克尔（1834 - 1919）在其《生物体的普通形态学》（1866年）中，将动物的发育模式与生物体进化的概念相结合；50年前，当研究重点从作物物种（向日葵、玉米等）转向作为模式生物的拟南芥时，植物研究开启了一个新时代。在本论文中，我们概述了海克尔意义上的发育进化生物学的一般原理，并参照其他植物激素，重点围绕陆地植物（胚植物）及其相关附生微生物，描述了从进化的基因组到形态学——植物激素生长素（IAA，吲哚 - 3 - 乙酸）的循环。我们的主要结论是，要真正理解任何生物体的个体发育，需要采用全系统方法，因为发育是按照整合并响应外部和内部刺激的信号通路进行的。我们还讨论了拟南芥中生长素调节的胚胎学以及配子体发育中的表观遗传现象，并概述了这些过程与恩斯特·海克尔开创性工作的联系。
