Caruso C, Prato R, Ingravalle F, Vecchio D, Sciarra A, Ternavasio M, Ceccarelli L, Martucciello A, Galiero G, De Carlo E, Masoero L
a Department of Virology , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piedmont , Turin , Italy.
b Diagnostic Section of Salerno , National Reference Center on 'Hygiene and Technologies of Buffalo Breeding and Production', Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Salerno , Italy.
Vet Q. 2016 Dec;36(4):184-188. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2016.1205236. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
Both Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) and Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) have been reported to cross the species barrier. Antibody seroconversion in glycoprotein E (gE) blocking ELISA during BuHV-1 infection has been documented. Recent diagnostic efforts have focused on the development and application of discriminatory tests to distinguish between infections with BoHV-1 and BuHV-1.
To evaluate the impact and distribution of these two infections in water buffalo farms in two regions (Piedmont (n = 3) and Campania (n = 10), Italy) where infectious bovine rhinotracheitis control programs have been implemented.
Sampling was carried out on 13 buffalo farms comprising 1089 animals using specific gE-indirect ELISA's test able to discriminate among BoHV-1 and BuHV-1 infections.
59.0% of animals reacted positive to ELISA (irrespective of whether BoHV-1 or BuHV-1 antigen was used) and 86.4% of these were reactive to BuHV-1 only, whereas 11.8% showed absorbance values for both antigens and were classified as inconclusive. There was a statistically significant age-related difference in BuHV-1 infection rates but not in overall individual (47% vs. 58%) or herd prevalence (100% vs. 90%) of infection between the two regions.
The low percentage of sera reactive to BoHV-1 (1.8%, 12/643) indicates that BuHV-1 may be the main circulating alphaherpesvirus infection in Mediterranean water buffalo in the two study areas. Since Bubalus bubalis is included in Directive 64/432/EEC on animal health problems affecting intra-community trade in bovine animals, diagnostic testing with nonspecific ELISA for BoHV-1 infection in buffalo may yield false-positive reactions. This scenario could lead to economic losses and hamper buffalo trade and movement, particularly for reproduction purposes.
据报道，牛疱疹病毒1型（BoHV-1）和水牛疱疹病毒1型（BuHV-1）均可跨越物种屏障。BuHV-1感染期间糖蛋白E（gE）阻断酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）中的抗体血清转化已有记录。最近的诊断工作集中在开发和应用鉴别试验，以区分BoHV-1和BuHV-1感染。
评估在意大利两个地区（皮埃蒙特（n = 3）和坎帕尼亚（n = 10））实施了传染性牛鼻气管炎控制计划的水牛养殖场中这两种感染的影响和分布情况。
对13个水牛养殖场的1089头动物进行采样，使用能够区分BoHV-1和BuHV-1感染的特异性gE间接ELISA检测。
59.0%的动物ELISA反应呈阳性（无论使用的是BoHV-1还是BuHV-1抗原），其中86.4%仅对BuHV-1有反应，而11.8%对两种抗原均显示吸光度值，被归类为不确定。两个地区之间，BuHV-1感染率存在与年龄相关的统计学显著差异，但总体个体感染率（47%对58%）或畜群感染率（100%对90%）无差异。
对BoHV-1有反应的血清比例较低（1.8%，12/643），表明BuHV-1可能是两个研究区域地中海水牛中主要流行的甲型疱疹病毒感染。由于水牛包含在关于影响牛类动物欧盟内部贸易的动物健康问题的第64/432/EEC号指令中，用于水牛BoHV-1感染的非特异性ELISA诊断检测可能会产生假阳性反应。这种情况可能导致经济损失，并阻碍水牛贸易和流动，特别是用于繁殖目的的贸易和流动。
