Tau Rocío Lucía, Marandino Ana Eugenia, Torales Fátima, Campos Fabrício Souza, Roehe Paulo Michel, Konrad José Luis, Romera Sonia Alejandra, Pérez Ruben, Maidana Silvina Soledad
Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations, Dr. Nicolas Repetto and De los Reseros, IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham 1686, Argentina.
Evolutionary Genetics Section, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
Viruses. 2025 Aug 13;17(8):1110. doi: 10.3390/v17081110.
(BuHV-1) is a virus that belongs to the genus within the subfamily. While BuHV-1 infections in water buffaloes () are often subclinical, clinical manifestations have been reported. This study provides complete genome sequences of five BuHV-1 strains isolated in Argentina, marking the first genomic characterization of BuHV-1 from the Americas. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on whole-genome and coding sequences, along with analyses of glycoproteins C, D, and E, identified a distinct clade and divergent strains. Comparative genomic analyses with publicly available BuHV-1 and (BoHV-5) sequences showed nucleotide divergence of up to 1.3% among BuHV-1 strains, indicating significant intraspecific genetic diversity. Cross-neutralization assays revealed variable relationships between BuHV-1 and BoHV-5 strains. Some Argentinian BuHV-1 strains exhibited significant antigenic subtype differences compared to (BoHV-1). Recombination analyses uncovered events between BuHV-1 and bovine herpesviruses, suggesting a complex evolutionary history within mixed farming systems. The findings indicate that the monophyletic BuHV-1 clade, including the reference BuHV-1 isolate, is representative of the BuHV-1 species. The remaining strains, provisionally classified as BuHV-1 indeterminate (BuHV-1i), can be categorized based on specific clinical and antigenic properties. The identified heterogeneity has significant implications for diagnostic accuracy, vaccine development, and disease management strategies in buffalo populations worldwide.
牛疱疹病毒1型（BuHV-1）是一种属于该亚科内该属的病毒。虽然水牛（）感染BuHV-1通常为亚临床感染，但也有临床表现的报道。本研究提供了在阿根廷分离的5株BuHV-1毒株的完整基因组序列，这是美洲地区首次对BuHV-1进行基因组特征分析。基于全基因组和编码序列的系统发育重建，以及对糖蛋白C、D和E的分析，确定了一个独特的进化枝和不同的毒株。与公开可得的BuHV-1和牛疱疹病毒5型（BoHV-5）序列进行的比较基因组分析显示，BuHV-1毒株之间的核苷酸差异高达1.3%，表明种内存在显著的遗传多样性。交叉中和试验揭示了BuHV-1和BoHV-5毒株之间的可变关系。与牛疱疹病毒1型（BoHV-1）相比，一些阿根廷BuHV-1毒株表现出显著的抗原亚型差异。重组分析发现了BuHV-1与牛疱疹病毒之间的重组事件，表明混合养殖系统中存在复杂的进化历史。研究结果表明，包括参考BuHV-1分离株在内的单系BuHV-1进化枝代表了BuHV-1物种。其余毒株暂归类为BuHV-1不确定型（BuHV-1i），可根据特定的临床和抗原特性进行分类。所确定的异质性对全球水牛种群的诊断准确性、疫苗开发和疾病管理策略具有重要意义。
