Firmat Cyril, Alibert Paul, Mutin Guillaume, Losseau Michèle, Pariselle Antoine, Sasal Pierre
UMR 1202 BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux-INRA, 69 route d'Arcachon, 33610, Cestas, France.
Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskolringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Parasitol Res. 2016 Sep;115(9):3657-61. doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5168-1. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
This study investigates the recent evolution of a rich parasite community associated with one of the world's most invasive species, the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Populations from the species' native range (Mozambique) are compared to a population from New Caledonia (Wester Pacific), an island where the species was introduced in 1954. The results support the complete local extinction of the gill parasite community in the course of the invasion process. Up to six gill parasite species per locality were documented in the O. mossambicus native range, and previous surveys consistently reported at least one parasite species introduced along African cichlid species established out of Africa. The absence of parasites in New Caledonia is therefore exceptional. This can be attributed to local factors, such as a strong initial population bottleneck, the likely absence of multiple host introductions, and the frequent occurrence of brackish watersheds that might enhance the probability for natural deparasitation.
本研究调查了与世界上最具入侵性的物种之一——丽鱼科鱼类莫桑比克罗非鱼相关的丰富寄生虫群落的近期演变情况。将该物种原生地（莫桑比克）的种群与来自新喀里多尼亚（西太平洋）的一个种群进行了比较，新喀里多尼亚是1954年引入该物种的一个岛屿。结果支持了鳃寄生虫群落在入侵过程中完全局部灭绝的观点。在莫桑比克罗非鱼的原生地，每个地点记录到多达六种鳃寄生虫物种，并且先前的调查一致报告，随着非洲丽鱼科物种在非洲以外地区的建立，至少有一种寄生虫物种被引入。因此，新喀里多尼亚没有寄生虫的情况是例外的。这可归因于当地因素，例如强烈的初始种群瓶颈、可能没有多种宿主的引入，以及咸淡水流域的频繁出现，这可能增加自然脱寄生的概率。
